Drug Abuse, Criminal Justice System Involvement & Health Disparities in Youth

药物滥用、刑事司法系统的参与

• 批准号: 7851263
• 负责人: PING WU
• 金额: $ 36.06万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7851263
• 关键词: Accounting; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; African American; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Area; Behavior; Clinical; Communities; Community Surveys; Criminal Justice; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Dependence; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Emotional; Ethnic group; Family; Growth; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Health Surveys; Individual; Justice; Longitudinal Surveys; Minority; NIH Program Announcements; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Population; Prisoner; Prisons; Problem behavior; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Services; Substance abuse problem; Surveys; System; Testing; Youth; health disparity; juvenile justice system; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; racial/ethnic difference; response; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current application is the second revision of our application responding to Program Announcement PA-07-114. Our proposed study will examine substance abuse, juvenile/criminal justice system involvement and health disparities in youth, focusing on comparisons between African American and White youth. African Americans comprise about 12% of the US population, but they represented almost half of the prison population in 2004. Increases in arrests for drug offenses have accounted for nearly one third of the growth of the African American inmate population in recent decades. However, findings from national community surveys have shown that rates of substance use and abuse in African Americans are similar to those of Whites. Also, studies have shown that African Americans are less likely to receive adequate treatment for substance use related problems. There is a need to understand racial/ethnic disparities related to juvenile/criminal justice system involvement, substance use and access to treatment for substance use related problems. The proposed project utilizes data from three nationally representative surveys of youth: (1) a large community sample with information on criminal justice system involvement histories, substance use/abuse/dependence, and use of substance treatment services; (2) a longitudinal (7-year) survey of youth covering substance use, delinquent behaviors, juvenile/criminal justice system involvement and risk factors at the individual, family and community levels; and (3) a large, nationally representative sample of youth in placement in Juvenile Justice facilities. Study aims: (1) To examine rates of Juvenile/Criminal Justice System involvement among youth, especially among those with substance use or abuse/dependence, comparing African American and White youth, and identifying factors which may partially explain the differences between the two groups; (2) Using longitudinal data, to examine racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between substance use and juvenile/criminal justice involvement, including the role of substance use in pathways to criminal justice involvement from adolescence to young adulthood, as well as the impact of criminal/juvenile justice system involvement on subsequent changes in patterns of substance use; and (3) To examine differences in the types of treatment received for substance use related problems by African-American and White youth with juvenile/criminal justice system involvement, and identify barriers to use of treatment services faced by African-American youth with juvenile justice system involvement. Public Health Relevance: Given that African American youth are disproportionately represented among juvenile and adult arrestees and prisoners/detainees, especially for drug offenses, and that treatment services for substance use related problems for people involved in the criminal/juvenile justice system tend to be lacking or inadequate, there is a great need to understand the racial/ethnic disparities related to juvenile/criminal justice system involvement, substance use and access to treatment for substance use related problems. The proposed study will examine these racial/ethnic disparities in terms of the dynamic longitudinal relationship between substance use and juvenile/criminal justice system involvement, and in terms of access to treatment services for substance use related problems, from a public health perspective.

描述（由申请人提供）：当前申请是我们响应项目公告PA-07-114的申请的第二次修订。我们提出的研究将检查药物滥用、青少年/刑事司法系统参与和青少年健康差异，重点是非洲裔美国人和白人青年之间的比较。非洲裔美国人约占美国人口的12%，但在2004年，他们几乎占监狱人口的一半。近几十年来，因毒品犯罪被捕的人数增加占非裔美国囚犯人数增长的近三分之一。然而，来自全国社区调查的结果表明，非裔美国人的药物使用和滥用率与白人相似。此外，研究表明，非裔美国人在药物使用相关问题上接受充分治疗的可能性较小。有必要了解与少年/刑事司法系统参与、药物使用和获得药物使用相关问题治疗有关的种族/民族差异。拟议的项目利用了三个具有全国代表性的青年调查的数据：(1)一个大型社区样本，其中包含有关刑事司法系统参与历史、物质使用/滥用/依赖和物质治疗服务使用的信息；(2)对青少年进行纵向（7年）调查，涵盖个人、家庭和社区层面的物质使用、犯罪行为、青少年/刑事司法系统参与和风险因素；(3)在少年司法机构安置的大量具有全国代表性的青少年样本。研究目的：(1)通过比较非裔美国青年和白人青年，研究青少年，特别是那些有药物使用或滥用/依赖的青少年参与少年/刑事司法系统的比率，并确定可能部分解释两组之间差异的因素；(2)利用纵向数据，检验物质使用与少年/刑事司法参与之间关系的种族/民族差异，包括物质使用在从青春期到青年期参与刑事司法的途径中的作用，以及刑事/少年司法系统参与对随后物质使用模式变化的影响；(3)研究涉及少年/刑事司法系统的非裔美国青年和白人青年在药物使用相关问题上所接受的治疗类型的差异，并确定涉及少年司法系统的非裔美国青年使用治疗服务面临的障碍。公共卫生相关性：鉴于非裔美国青年在青少年和成人被捕者和囚犯/被拘留者中所占比例过高，特别是因毒品犯罪，而在刑事/少年司法系统中，为涉及吸毒问题的人提供的治疗服务往往缺乏或不足，因此，非常有必要了解涉及少年/刑事司法系统的种族/民族差异。药物使用和获得药物使用相关问题的治疗。拟议的研究将从药物使用与少年/刑事司法系统参与之间的动态纵向关系方面，以及从公共卫生角度就药物使用相关问题获得治疗服务方面，审查这些种族/族裔差异。