Evaluating Low Ignition Propensity Cigarette Legislation

描述（由申请人提供）：1990年至1999年，美国因香烟引起的火灾造成10，130人死亡。纽约州（2004年6月28日生效）和加拿大（2005年10月1日生效）最近颁布的法律对香烟的引燃倾向进行了管制，要求大多数经过测试的香烟在无人看管的情况下自动熄灭。拟议研究的目标是通过一项跨学科研究计划扩大卷烟火灾风险监管的科学基础，该计划将严格评估政策及其潜在的预期和非预期后果。我们提出了五个相互关联的研究，以调查火灾发生率，卷烟设计，吸烟者的行为，和毒素暴露的低引燃倾向（LIP）立法的影响。目标1将研究在纽约州和安大略省实施LIP法之前和之后，纽约州、马萨诸塞州（MA）和安大略（ON）的火灾发生率，允许现场内部的前后比较和现场之间的同期比较。目标2将调查上述三个地点的1,800名吸烟者，以确定他们对香烟的看法、吸烟行为、火灾预防措施、与香烟有关的火灾经历以及对LIP法律的信念。目标3将检查60名吸烟者的吸烟地形图和毒素暴露，分别在纽约，马萨诸塞州和ON，以确定是否LIP香烟改变吸烟行为或暴露于烟雾毒素（CO，NNAL，PAH）。目标4将检查由于LIP定律引起的卷烟设计（混合物、烟草重量、周长、通风、柠檬酸纸、纸孔隙率、棒水分）的变化，以及这些变化是否显著影响引燃倾向或热性能。目标5将审查烟草行业关于LIP卷烟设计的文件和专利，目的是建立一个LIP卷烟文件和专利库，并审查技术趋势。综合起来，这些研究包括对这一减少危害政策的潜在影响的全面评估，这将为考虑类似法规的其他司法管辖区的决策者提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette-attributable fires caused 10,130 deaths in the United States from 1990 to 1999. Recently-enacted laws in New York State (effective 28 June 2004) and Canada (effective 1 October 2005) regulate the ignition propensity of cigarettes, requiring that the majority of tested cigarettes self-extinguish when left unattended. The goal of the proposed study is to expand the science base on the regulation of cigarette fire risks through a program of transdisciplinary research that would rigorously evaluate the policy and its potential intended and unintended consequences. We propose five interrelated studies to investigate the effects of low ignition propensity (LIP) legislation on fire incidence, cigarette design, smoker behaviors, and toxin exposures. Aim 1 will examine the incidence of fires in NY, Massachusetts (MA), and Ontario (ON) before and after the implementations of LIP laws in NY and ON, allowing for both pre-post comparisons within sites, and contemporaneous comparisons between sites. Aim 2 will survey 1,800 smokers across the three sites above to determine their perceptions of their cigarettes, smoking behaviors, fire precautionary practices, experiences with cigarette-related fires, and beliefs about LIP laws. Aim 3 will examine the smoking topography and toxin exposures of 60 smokers each in NY, MA, and ON to determine if LIP cigarettes alter smoking behavior or exposure to smoke toxins (CO, NNAL, PAHs). Aim 4 will examine changes in cigarette design (blend, tobacco weight, circumference, ventilation, paper citrate, paper porosity, rod moisture) due to the LIP laws, and whether these changes significantly affect ignition propensity or thermal performance. Aim 5 will examine tobacco industry documents and patents on LIP cigarette designs, with the goal of developing a LIP cigarette documents and patents collection and examine trends in technology. Taken together, these studies comprise a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impacts of this harm-reduction policy, which will inform policymakers in other jurisdictions considering similar regulations.