Dynamics and Causal Functions of Large-Scale Cortical and Subcortical Networks

大规模皮层和皮层下网络的动力学和因果函数

• 批准号: 9789700
• 负责人: Jonathan Rickel Wolpaw
• 金额: $ 0.49万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2020-09-01
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9789700
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anatomy; Animals; Behavior; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Clinical; Communication; Data Collection; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Engineering; Etiology; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Generations; Goals; High Prevalence; Human; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Kinetics; Knowledge; Language; Linguistics; Location; Measures; Mental disorders; Methods; Modality; Modeling; Music; Neuroanatomy; Neurons; Neurosciences; Patients; Performance; Population; Process; Research; Resolution; Role; Site; Spatial Distribution; Specificity; Speech; Speech Perception; Structure; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; United States; Work; brain abnormalities; brain surgery; experience; imaging modality; improved; insight; nervous system disorder; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; novel diagnostics; novel therapeutics; operation; programs; relating to nervous system; response; spatiotemporal; temporal measurement

Project Summary/Abstract Improved understanding of the brain processes underlying normal and abnormal function is necessary for devising better ways to diagnose, alleviate, or cure neurological or psychiatric disorders. It is clear that even for simple behaviors, such processes depend on interactions among multiple brain regions. However, these interactions themselves are less well understood. This inadequate understanding of inter-regional interactions impedes the generation of substantive models of brain functions and the new diagnostic or therapeutic possibilities that such models could introduce. These deficiencies reflect in part the limitations of the widely used imaging modalities. Detailed analysis of the operation of a network of brain regions requires comprehensive coverage, high spatial resolution, and high temporal resolution. However, existing techniques either lack high temporal resolution, high spatial resolution, or comprehensive coverage. Thus, they cannot track the spatial and temporal progression of inter-regional interactions. Intracranial recordings using electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes placed on the brain surface, or depth electrodes (stereoencephalography; SEEG) placed in regions and sulcal depths not accessible with ECoG, can provide wide coverage and high temporal and spatial resolution. Furthermore, electrical stimulation through these electrodes can assess causal roles and inter-regional connections. However, because intracranial electrodes are only available in patients awaiting brain surgery, intracranial studies are typically limited to small numbers of subjects with variable electrode coverage. In the research proposed here, our established and highly experienced ECoG/SEEG consortium will engage in a formalized research program that seeks to begin to reveal the detailed connectivity, causality, and dynamic neural processes supporting human speech perception. Research to achieve our two project aims will take full advantage of the opportunities afforded by intracranial electrodes. The proposed work will make use of an established interdisciplinary intracranial consortium, with four data collection sites providing access to dozens of subjects per year. The consortium will apply itself to answering new questions about dynamic inter-areal function underlying speech perception. If successful, the proposed work should not only add new neuroscientific understanding, but also formally validate a consortium structure as a model for intracranial research.

项目总结/摘要 提高对正常和异常功能的大脑过程的理解是必要的， 设计更好的方法来诊断、缓解或治愈神经或精神疾病。很明显，即使 对于简单的行为，这些过程依赖于多个大脑区域之间的相互作用。但这些 相互作用本身就不太清楚。这种对区域间相互作用的不充分理解 阻碍了大脑功能的实质性模型的产生以及新的诊断或治疗可能性 这种模式可以引入。 这些缺陷部分反映了广泛使用的成像模式的局限性。仔细的分析 大脑区域网络的运作需要全面的覆盖，高空间分辨率， 时间分辨率然而，现有技术要么缺乏高时间分辨率，高空间分辨率， 或全面覆盖。因此，他们无法跟踪区域间的空间和时间进展， 交互.使用放置在大脑表面的皮质电图（ECoG）电极进行颅内记录，或 深度电极（脑立体描记术; SEEG）放置在ECoG无法到达的区域和脑沟深度， 可以提供宽覆盖和高时间和空间分辨率。此外，电刺激通过 这些电极可以评估因果作用和区域间联系。然而，由于颅内电极 仅适用于等待脑部手术的患者，颅内研究通常仅限于少数患者。 电极覆盖范围可变的受试者。在这里提出的研究中，我们的经验丰富的 ECoG/SEEG联盟将参与一项正式的研究计划，该计划旨在开始揭示 连接性、因果关系和支持人类语音感知的动态神经过程。研究以实现 我们的两个项目目标将充分利用颅内电极提供的机会。 拟议的工作将利用一个已建立的跨学科颅内联盟， 每年提供数十个主题的收集网站。联合体将致力于回答 关于言语感知的动态区域间功能的新问题。如果成功，拟议的工作 不仅应该增加新的神经科学理解，而且还应该正式验证联盟结构， 用于颅内研究的模型。