Genomics of rapid adaptation in the lab and in the wild

实验室和野外快速适应的基因组学

• 批准号: 10621776
• 负责人: Dmitri Petrov
• 金额: $ 72.5万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10621776
• 关键词: Biology; Communicable Diseases; Drosophila genus; Drug resistance; Engineering; Evolution; Foundations; Genomics; Growth; Human; Humanities; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Modality; Organism; Pattern; Research; Seasons; Series; System; Time; Variant; Virus; Yeasts; de novo mutation; experimental study; genomic data; mouse model; theories; tumor initiation

Project Summary Adaptation is the foundational concept in biology. My lab aims to build an empirically and theoretically rich theory of adaptation. We focus specifically on the inference of adaptation from genomic data and on the study of rapid evolution in real time. The latter include (i) experimental evolution in yeast (adaptation by de novo mutation in well-mixed clonal system), (ii) adaptation on seasonal and ecological time-scales in Drosophila (adaptation from standing variation in a obligately sexual organism), and (iii) tumor initiation, growth, and evolution in experimental mouse model of lung cancer (engineered de novo and spontaneous alterations in a spatially constrained context). These projects utilize a diversity of systems, high throughput and well-powered experimental modalities, and sophisticated and varied analytic frameworks, but they all focus on the overarching need to understand the dynamics of rapid adaptation. Ultimately, we aim to construct a theory of evolutionary adaptation that can naturally account for the patterns of evolution established over long periods of time, which are evident in genomic data, as well as the short-term dynamics of adaptation directly observable in short-term experimental studies of evolution.

项目摘要 适应是生物学的基本概念。我的实验室旨在建立一个经验和理论丰富的理论 适应性。我们特别关注从基因组数据中推断适应性和研究快速适应性。 在真实的时间里进化。后者包括（i）酵母中的实验进化（通过酵母中的从头突变适应）。 良好混合的克隆系统），（ii）适应季节和生态的时间尺度在果蝇（适应 专性有性生物中的常设变异），和（iii）实验中的肿瘤起始、生长和演变 小鼠肺癌模型（在空间受限的细胞中重新工程化和自发改变） context）。这些项目利用多种系统，高通量和动力良好的实验 模式，以及复杂多样的分析框架，但它们都侧重于总体需求， 了解快速适应的动力学。最终，我们的目标是构建一个进化适应理论， 这自然可以解释长期以来形成的进化模式， 在基因组数据，以及短期动态的适应直接观察到的短期实验 进化的研究。