Impact of Alcohol Use on Adolescent fMRI BOLD Response: A Longitudinal Study

描述（由申请人提供）：理由：大量青少年从事中度至重度饮酒。具体而言，44%的12年级学生在过去一个月内饮酒，26%的学生在过去两周内酗酒（约翰斯顿等人，2008年）。确定青少年饮酒对大脑功能的影响很重要，因为在持续的神经成熟过程中发生的减少可能对认知功能和未来的教育和职业选择产生持久的影响。视觉工作记忆（VWM）是信息加工和执行功能的重要组成部分，是研究青少年大量饮酒相关神经异常的有效工具。设计图：这项研究的目的是：（1）前瞻性地检查大脑反应的VWM任务的青少年谁过渡到大量饮酒（n = 22）与青少年谁保持非用户（n = 22）使用血氧水平依赖（BOLD）功能磁共振成像（fMRI），（2）检查这些神经异常是否与神经心理功能。该研究使用了作为申办者纵向研究（fMRI和青少年酒精中毒风险认知，ROI AAI 3419，6/10/07-3/31/12）的一部分收集的数据，使用了12-16岁儿童在饮酒前成像的数据以及在一半过渡到重度饮酒后收集的随访数据。分析采用功能性神经成像分析（AFNI）工具，并对先验指定的感兴趣区域（右中央后/下顶叶，右中额叶，双侧内侧额叶和中枕区）进行组x时间ANOVA，以观察与保持不饮酒的青年相比，开始大量饮酒的青年是否显示激活模式的变化。区域，显示不同的激活在大量饮酒的发起人将检查对应的表现在神经心理学的措施，VWM和注意力的大量饮酒者（n = 22）在回归分析。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究将有助于澄清酒精使用对青少年大脑功能的影响，并有助于了解VWM的缺陷是否与酒精有关。VWM的缺陷可能会干扰需要高阶执行功能的任务。这一工作的长期目标是（1）通过青少年饮酒预防材料和公共服务活动传播任何发现，以及（2）告知干预和心理教育计划如何最佳地干预青少年大量饮酒，考虑与青少年饮酒有关的大脑反应和神经认知模式。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Rationale: Substantial numbers of adolescents engage in moderate to heavy levels of alcohol consumption. Specifically, 44% of 12th graders have used alcohol in past month, and 26% have engaged in a binge drinking episode in the past two weeks (Johnston et al., 2008). Identifying the influence of adolescent alcohol use on brain functioning is important, as decrements incurred during ongoing neuromaturation could have lasting effects on cognitive functioning and future educational and occupational options. Visual working memory (VWM) is an essential component of information processing and executive functioning, and is therefore a useful probe for examining neural abnormalities associated with heavy adolescent drinking. Design: The aims of this investigation are: (1) to prospectively examine brain response to a VWM task in adolescents who transition into heavy drinking (n = 22) versus youth who remain non-users (n = 22) using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and (2) examine if these neural abnormalities are associated with neuropsychological functioning. The proposed study uses data collected as part ofthe Sponsor's longitudinal study (fMRI and Cognition in Youth at Risk for Alcoholism, ROI AAI3419, 6/10/07-3/31/12), using data from 12-16 year-olds imaged prior to the onset of drinking as well as follow-up data collected after half transitioned to heavy drinking. Analyses employ Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging (AFNI) tools and conduct a group x time ANOVA on a priori specified regions of interest (right postcentral/inferior parietal, right middle frontal, bilateral medial frontal, and middle occipital regions) to see if youth who initiate heavy drinking show a change in activation pattern, as compared to youth who remain non-drinkers. Regions that show divergent activation in initiators of heavy drinking will be followed by examining correspondence to performance on neuropsychological measures of VWM and attention among the heavy drinkers (n = 22) in regression analyses. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This investigation will help clarify the effects of alcohol use on brain functioning during adolescence, and aid in understanding whether deficits in VWM result from alcohol involvement. Deficits in VWM could interfere with tasks requiring higher-order executive functioning. The long-term goals of this line of work are to (1) disseminate any findings through adolescent drinking prevention materials and public service campaigns, and (2) inform intervention and psychoeducational programs on how to optimally intervene with youth engaging in heavy drinking, considering brain response and neurocognitive patterns linked to adolescent alcohol use.