Sleep deprivation and neurovascular control in humans

描述(申请人提供)：睡眠不足与人类高血压的发展有关。交感神经流出增加被认为是睡眠剥夺高血压的潜在机制，但缺乏直接证据。最近的一份报告表明，与男性相比，睡眠不足和高血压之间的联系在女性中更为普遍。这项提案中的先导数据不仅支持这一概念，还表明交感神经交通是女性睡眠剥夺高血压的潜在机制联系。这项建议的广泛目标是确定男性和女性对睡眠剥夺的神经和心血管反应，并确定性激素和女性生殖激素是否影响这些反应。该项目包括四个具体目标。具体目标#1将确定24小时睡眠剥夺对男性和女性静息肌肉交感神经活动(MSNA)和血压的影响。我们假设，睡眠不足会使女性的静息血压升高更剧烈，而且这些升高与静息MSNA的升高有关。具体目标#2将确定24小时睡眠剥夺对男性和女性交感神经和心脏迷走神经压力感受器反射功能的影响。我们假设，与男性相比，睡眠剥夺将导致女性交感神经和心脏迷走神经压力反射更戏剧性的重置。具体目标#3将确定24小时睡眠剥夺对男性和女性对精神压力的神经和心血管反应的影响。我们假设，与男性相比，睡眠不足会更显著地增强女性对精神压力的神经和心血管反应。具体目标#4将确定与月经周期相关的荷尔蒙波动是否会影响女性对睡眠不足的交感神经和心血管反应。我们假设在月经周期的黄体中期，对睡眠剥夺的交感兴奋反应增强。将进行两项研究，以解决这些具体目标。研究1将检查男性和女性对睡眠不足的神经和心血管反应，而研究2将只检查处于月经周期早期卵泡和黄体中期的女性。这两项研究都将采用随机交叉设计。显微神经学将被用来提供交感神经交通的直接记录，而瓦尔萨尔瓦动作和心算将被用来评估交感压力反射功能和心理应激反应。总而言之，人们对睡眠不足和高血压之间的联系知之甚少。这项拟议的研究将促进我们对睡眠剥夺的神经和心血管反应的理解，并有可能提供睡眠剥夺和高血压之间的机制联系。 公共卫生相关性：睡眠不足与高血压有关，但这种关系背后的机制尚不清楚。该项目将研究睡眠剥夺对男性和女性神经和心血管控制的影响，为心血管疾病研究领域提供新的知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sleep deprivation has been linked to the development of hypertension in humans. Increases of sympathetic neural outflow have been suggested as a potential mechanism for sleep deprived hypertension, but direct evidence is lacking. A recent report suggests that the associations between sleep deprivation and hypertension are more prevalent in women compared to men. Pilot data in this proposal not only support this concept, but also suggest sympathetic neural traffic as a potential mechanistic link for sleep deprived hypertension in women. The broad objective of this proposal is to determine neural and cardiovascular responses to sleep deprivation in men and women, and determine if sex and female reproductive hormones influence these responses. The project includes four specific aims. Specific Aim #1 will determine the effect of 24 hours sleep deprivation on resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure in men and women. We hypothesize that sleep deprivation will increase resting blood pressure more dramatically in women, and that those increases will be associated with increases in resting MSNA. Specific Aim #2 will determine the effect of 24 hour sleep deprivation on sympathetic and cardiovagal baroreflex function in men and women. We hypothesize that sleep deprivation will induce a more dramatic resetting of the sympathetic and cardiovagal baroreflexes in women compared to men. Specific Aim #3 will determine the effect of 24 hours sleep deprivation on neural and cardiovascular responses to mental stress in men and women. We hypothesize that sleep deprivation will augment neural and cardiovascular responses to mental stress more dramatically in women compared to men. Specific Aim #4 will determine if hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle influence sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to sleep deprivation in women. We hypothesize augmented sympathoexcitatory responses to sleep deprivation during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Two studies will be performed to address these specific aims. Study 1 will examine neural and cardiovascular responses to sleep deprivation in both men and women, while Study 2 will examine only women during the early follicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Both studies will employ a randomized, crossover design. Microneurography will be used to provide direct recordings of sympathetic neural traffic, while Valsalva maneuvers and mental arithmetic will be utilized to assess sympathetic baroreflex function and mental stress responses. In summary, the associations between sleep deprivation and hypertension are poorly understood. The proposed research will advance our understanding of neural and cardiovascular responses to sleep deprivation, and has the potential to provide a mechanistic link between sleep deprivation and hypertension. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Sleep deprivation has been linked to hypertension, yet the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This project will examine the effects of sleep deprivation on neural and cardiovascular control in men and women, providing new knowledge in the area of cardiovascular disease research.