Sleep deprivation and neurovascular control in humans

描述（由申请人提供）：睡眠剥夺与人类高血压的发展有关。交感神经外流增加被认为是睡眠剥夺高血压的潜在机制，但缺乏直接证据。最近的一份报告显示，睡眠不足和高血压之间的联系在女性中比在男性中更为普遍。本研究的初步数据不仅支持这一概念，而且还表明交感神经流量是女性睡眠剥夺高血压的潜在机制联系。这项提议的主要目的是确定男性和女性对睡眠剥夺的神经和心血管反应，并确定性别和女性生殖激素是否影响这些反应。该项目包括四个具体目标。具体目标#1将确定24小时睡眠剥夺对男性和女性静息肌交感神经活动（MSNA）和血压的影响。我们假设睡眠剥夺会使女性的静息血压急剧升高，而这些升高与静息MSNA的升高有关。具体目标#2将确定24小时睡眠剥夺对男性和女性交感神经和心血管压力反射功能的影响。我们假设，与男性相比，睡眠剥夺会导致女性交感神经和心血管反射发生更剧烈的重置。具体目标#3将确定24小时睡眠剥夺对男性和女性精神压力下神经和心血管反应的影响。我们假设，与男性相比，睡眠剥夺会更显著地增强女性对精神压力的神经和心血管反应。具体目标#4将确定与月经周期相关的荷尔蒙波动是否会影响女性对睡眠剥夺的交感神经和心血管反应。我们假设在月经周期的黄体中期，对睡眠剥夺的交感神经兴奋反应增强。将进行两项研究以解决这些具体目标。研究1将检查男性和女性对睡眠不足的神经和心血管反应，而研究2将只检查月经周期卵泡早期和黄体中期的女性。两项研究均采用随机交叉设计。微神经摄影将用于提供交感神经交通的直接记录，而Valsalva操作和心算将用于评估交感压力反射功能和精神应激反应。总之，睡眠不足和高血压之间的关系尚不清楚。这项拟议的研究将促进我们对睡眠剥夺的神经和心血管反应的理解，并有可能提供睡眠剥夺和高血压之间的机制联系。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sleep deprivation has been linked to the development of hypertension in humans. Increases of sympathetic neural outflow have been suggested as a potential mechanism for sleep deprived hypertension, but direct evidence is lacking. A recent report suggests that the associations between sleep deprivation and hypertension are more prevalent in women compared to men. Pilot data in this proposal not only support this concept, but also suggest sympathetic neural traffic as a potential mechanistic link for sleep deprived hypertension in women. The broad objective of this proposal is to determine neural and cardiovascular responses to sleep deprivation in men and women, and determine if sex and female reproductive hormones influence these responses. The project includes four specific aims. Specific Aim #1 will determine the effect of 24 hours sleep deprivation on resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure in men and women. We hypothesize that sleep deprivation will increase resting blood pressure more dramatically in women, and that those increases will be associated with increases in resting MSNA. Specific Aim #2 will determine the effect of 24 hour sleep deprivation on sympathetic and cardiovagal baroreflex function in men and women. We hypothesize that sleep deprivation will induce a more dramatic resetting of the sympathetic and cardiovagal baroreflexes in women compared to men. Specific Aim #3 will determine the effect of 24 hours sleep deprivation on neural and cardiovascular responses to mental stress in men and women. We hypothesize that sleep deprivation will augment neural and cardiovascular responses to mental stress more dramatically in women compared to men. Specific Aim #4 will determine if hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle influence sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to sleep deprivation in women. We hypothesize augmented sympathoexcitatory responses to sleep deprivation during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Two studies will be performed to address these specific aims. Study 1 will examine neural and cardiovascular responses to sleep deprivation in both men and women, while Study 2 will examine only women during the early follicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Both studies will employ a randomized, crossover design. Microneurography will be used to provide direct recordings of sympathetic neural traffic, while Valsalva maneuvers and mental arithmetic will be utilized to assess sympathetic baroreflex function and mental stress responses. In summary, the associations between sleep deprivation and hypertension are poorly understood. The proposed research will advance our understanding of neural and cardiovascular responses to sleep deprivation, and has the potential to provide a mechanistic link between sleep deprivation and hypertension. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Sleep deprivation has been linked to hypertension, yet the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This project will examine the effects of sleep deprivation on neural and cardiovascular control in men and women, providing new knowledge in the area of cardiovascular disease research.