Orbitofrontal cortex as a cognitive map of task states

眶额皮层作为任务状态的认知图

• 批准号: 9159875
• 负责人: Yael Niv
• 金额: $ 36.45万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-15 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9159875
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Computer Analysis; Data; Decision Making; Dimensions; Disease; Economics; Environment; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Future; Hippocampus (Brain); Housing; Human; Individual Differences; Investigation; Judgment; Learning; Maps; Measures; Methods; Multivariate Analysis; Nature; Neurons; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Paper; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Reaction Time; Recording of previous events; Rewards; Role; Short-Term Memory; Source; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Task Performances; Testing; Thinking; Time; Traction; Visual Cortex; Work; addiction; base; behavior prediction; design; extrastriate visual cortex; insight; meetings; patient population; relating to nervous system; research study; response; reward expectancy; symposium; theories

Project summary: The orbitofrontal cortex as a cognitive map of task states The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has remained one of the most mysterious areas in the prefrontal cortex, with suggested functions ranging from inhibition of prepotent actions to valuation in economic decision making. OFC dysfunction is implicated in a wide range of decision-related disorders, chief among them compulsive disorders such as addiction and OCD. Recently, we hypothesized that the OFC represents the current state of the task within a “cognitive map” of task space, providing a summary of task-relevant information to decision-making and learning areas elsewhere in the brain (Wilson et al., 2014, Neuron). In particular, theoretical considerations and previous empirical data suggest that the OFC is especially important for representing task states that are “partially observable”—states that include information that is not directly available in the environment, such as internal information from working memory. This hypothesis offers a unifying theoretical framework for interpreting a wide variety of existing findings, and has already gained considerable traction in the field (e.g., the paper has been cited over 50 times and was mentioned in over half the talks in a recent conference on the OFC). However, the theory has not yet been tested directly, as previous data can also be explained by alternative interpretations. Here we propose to test the hypothesis that the OFC represents task states, and to contrast and differentiate this function from the dominant competing hypothesis according to which the OFC represents reward expectancies. In Aim1, we will test whether the OFC codes the states of an age-judgment task that requires encoding of unobservable information as a critical part of the task state, and that does not involve rewards. We will use fMRI to measure OFC activity in humans, and utilize multivariate analysis methods to test whether the task states can be decoded in OFC, and whether this state representation correlates with and predicts task performance. In Aim 2, we will differentiate the state coding and value coding functions of the OFC by adding rewards to the age-judgment task and testing whether rewards are decodable in OFC when they are instrumental to task performance versus incidental to task performance. Our theory predicts that rewards will be represented in OFC only if they are required as part of the task state. Throughout, we will also analyze representations in related brain areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus and high-level visual cortices, to determine the unique function of the OFC, and to establish the relationship between task states in the OFC and task-relevant information encoded elsewhere in the brain. Our findings will impact on the current understanding of the role of OFC in both normal and aberrant learning and decision making, and will help explain why the OFC is important for some tasks but not others. Moreover, our work will establish the utility of decoding internal task states from non-invasive brain imaging data for predicting behavior and for analyzing individual differences in task representations. This is especially relevant to understanding the precise nature of decision-making deficiencies in disorders such as substance abuse and other compulsive disorders where the OFC is strongly implicated.

项目摘要：眶额皮质作为任务状态的认知图 Orbitrontal皮层（OFC）仍然是前额叶皮层中最神秘的区域之一，建议 功能从抑制预期行动到重视经济决策。 OFC功能障碍是 在各种与决策有关的疾病中实施，其中包括成瘾和强迫症等强迫性疾病。 最近，我们假设OFC代表任务空间“认知图”中任务的当前状态， 向大脑其他地方的决策和学习领域提供了与任务相关的信息的摘要（Wilson等， 2014年，神经元）。特别是，理论考虑和以前的经验数据表明，OFC尤其是 对于表示“部分可观察”的任务状态至关重要，包括不直接的信息 在环境中可用，例如工作内存的内部信息。 该假设提供了一个统一的理论框架，用于解释各种现有发现，并且已经 在该领域获得了相当大的牵引 在最近一次的OFC会议上进行谈判。但是，该理论尚未直接测试，因为先前的数据也可以是 用替代解释解释。在这里，我们建议检验OFC代表任务状态的假设，并 对比并区分了这一功能与主要竞争假设的对比，OFC代表 奖励期望。 在AIM1中，我们将测试OFC代码是否需要编码的年龄判断任务的状态 不可观察的信息是任务状态的关键部分，这不涉及奖励。我们将使用fMRI进行 测量人类的c活性，并利用多变量分析方法来测试任务状态是否可以解码 OFC，以及该状态表示是否与任务绩效相关并预测。在AIM 2中，我们将区分 通过将奖励添加到年龄判断任务并测试是否是否 当奖励对任务绩效起到作用而与任务绩效相关时，奖励是可以在OFC中解码的。我们的 理论预测仅当奖励作为任务状态的一部分时，才能在OFC中表示。在整个过程中，我们会的 还分析了相关大脑区域的表示形式，例如背侧前额叶皮层，海马和 高级视觉皮层，以确定OFC的独特功能，并建立任务状态之间的关系 在OFC和与任务相关的信息中，大脑其他地方编码。 我们的发现将影响当前对OFC在正常和异常学习和决策中的作用的理解 制作，并将有助于解释为什么OFC对于某些任务而不是其他任务很重要。而且，我们的工作将确定 从非侵入性脑成像数据中解码内部任务状态的效用，以预测行为和分析个体 任务表示的差异。这与理解决策的确切性质特别相关 在强烈涉及OFC的疾病和其他强迫性疾病之类的疾病中的缺陷。