Millisecond-Timescale Whole-Brain Neural Activity Mapping in Health and Disease

描述（由申请人提供）： 神经科学中的一个巨大挑战是了解大脑的神经元如何作为一个电路一起工作来计算行为，以及这些电路功能在大脑紊乱状态下如何改变。非常需要能够在哺乳动物（如小鼠）的大脑中测量大量单个细胞的神经活动的技术-理想情况下是整个大脑，因为我们并不精确地知道与任何行为或大脑疾病有关的确切细胞集。我们在这里提出了两个从过去的根本出发，使用计算和理论分析，设计新的神经记录设备，并增强这些技术与补充工具，使大脑的动态和解剖图片的桥梁。当我们验证这些技术时，我们将检查自闭症和精神分裂症小鼠模型的全脑神经动力学和解剖表型，进行全脑活动映射以表征与精神疾病相关的改变计算。这样的地图可能从根本上开辟新的领域，思考分布式大脑回路如何在精神疾病中改变，为新的治疗策略铺平道路。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One of the great challenges in neuroscience is to understand how the neurons of the brain work together as a circuit to compute behaviors, and how such circuit functions are changed in brain disorder states. There is a great need for technologies that enable the neural activity of large numbers of individual cells to be measured in the brain of a mammal such as a mouse - ideally throughout the entire brain, since we do not precisely know the exact set of cells involved with any behavior or brain disorder. We here propose two radical departures from the past, using computational and theoretical analyses to design new neural recording devices, and augmenting these technologies with supplementary tools to enable the bridging of dynamic and anatomical pictures of the brain. As we validate these technologies, we will examine whole-brain neural dynamics and anatomical phenotypes in autism and schizophrenia mouse models, performing whole-brain activity mapping to characterize the altered computations associated with psychiatric illness. Such maps may fundamentally open up new frontiers in thinking about how distributed brain circuits are changed in mental illness, paving the way to new treatment strategies.