"Vulnerability and Responses of Marine Populations, Communities and Ecosystems to Climate Change and Ocean Acidification"

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Climate change (CC) and ocean acidification (OA) are considered some of the major potential drivers of changes in marine ecosystems, affecting human wellbeing through changes in ecosystem services such as fisheries. To develop effective marine conservation and management policies under CC and OA, there is an urgent need to identify ecosystems and their components that are most vulnerable to such impacts, and develop scientifically robust scenarios of future changes. Recently, there have been major advances in establishing fundamental theories to explain biological responses to CC and OA, and development of modelling tools to simulate these biological responses. However, so far, these efforts focus on CC and OA effects at the organismal and population levels, while there is a large gap in our understanding of biological responses at community and ecosystem levels. This leads to two lines of research questions: