Comparative analysis of discrete fracture network models derived from borehole versus shaft scale discontinuity data for improved mine optimization and risk minimization

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With ever-increasing demand for mineral resources coupled with the depletion of near-surface deposits, numerous mining operations are making plans to transition from surface to underground mass mining in order to mine deeper resources. The methods being considered (block/panel caving), are being promoted due to their favourable economics, high tonnages and safety. However, these methods require significant underground development upfront, and therefore major capital investment before production and revenue can be generated. Given the higher costs and increased challenges of acquiring data from greater depths, the feasibility of these projects will be based on more limited data, introducing significant uncertainty and geo-risk with respect to the expected rock mass conditions and response to mining. These will challenge the industry's collective experience, raising questions as to whether present knowledge and design methodologies are sufficient.