Improving energy performance of buildings during operation

提高建筑物运行期间的能源性能

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04971
• 负责人: Monfet, Danielle
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: École de technologie supérieure
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=566861
• 关键词: Improving; energy; performance; buildings; during

Building operation accounts for about 80% of the environmental impacts of buildings over their lifetime. Hence, improving energy performance of buildings during operation has the potential to significantly lessen their environmental burden. The use of building modelling and simulation tools to assess energy performance, identify operation issues, propose retrofits, and evaluate new control strategies is rapidly gaining acceptance. However, there are often discrepancies between predictions of building energy use by the available tools compared to measurements made during building operation, which has a direct impact on the long-term energy performance of buildings. Three short-term objectives are proposed to bridge the gap between predicted and measured performance of buildings and improve the energy performance of building during operation: (1) to develop a feedback methodology where measured building data are used to assess the actual performance of innovative designs during operation and enable the use of more realistic modelling strategies and input parameters for the design of future buildings; (2)to propose new calibration techniques and inverse models at the equipment level to account for changes during operation to improve the accuracy of the simulation results for ongoing commissioning and building retrofit purposes; (3) to integrate monitored data and ongoing commissioning techniques to building information models (BIM). The first objective aims to develop a methodology based on various performance indices to compare the monitored results during operation with design simulation results. Design data and monitored data are collected and compared to identify and establish new modelling and simulation techniques to reduce the discrepancies between design and operation performances for future buildings. The second objective consists of the development of an approach to modify performance curves used in simulation tools and the development of new models for mechanical equipment and components to take into account changes occurring during operation, such as equipment degradation, using monitored data. A general and systematic approach will be proposed for the modification of component parameters during the operation phase of buildings for calibration purposes. The approach undertaken includes the acquisition of information and data, followed by the identification of input parameters and performance curves of major equipment with data extracted from a subset of measured data or from the manufacturer's catalog data. The default values or curves are then replaced with the newly identified input parameters in the simulation tools and a comparison between the predictions and measurements is carried out. The last objective looks at using building information models to further improve the performance of buildings during operation by integrating energy simulation and measured data to BIM. The methodology will consist of identifying and integrating various existing ongoing commissioning tools and visualisation tools as well as new modules to allow the building operator to have a better representation of the building performance and problems. The proposed objectives are a step towards the continuous improvement of building performance from design to operation. This aspect is often neglected by the industry and by prolonging the usefulness of the design tools during the operation phase and including measured data to improve design approaches, the overall performance of buildings will be enhanced. As energy targets become more stringent, research in this field is becoming critical to ensure the long-term energy performance of buildings by maintaining the performance requirements beyond the first few years of operation.

建筑物的运行约占建筑物整个生命周期对环境的影响的80%。因此，提高建筑物在运行期间的能源性能有可能显著减轻其环境负担。使用建筑建模和模拟工具来评估能源绩效、确定运行问题、提出翻新建议和评估新的控制策略正在迅速得到接受。然而，可用工具对建筑物能耗的预测与建筑物运行期间的测量结果往往存在差异，这对建筑物的长期能源性能有直接影响。为弥合建筑物预测和测量性能之间的差距，并改进建筑物在运行期间的能源性能，提出了三个短期目标：(1)开发一种反馈方法，其中测量的建筑物数据用于评估运行期间创新设计的实际性能，并使未来建筑物的设计能够使用更现实的建模策略和输入参数；(2)在设备层面提出新的校准技术和逆模型，以考虑运行期间的变化，以提高模拟结果的准确性，用于持续调试和建筑物改造目的；(3)将监测数据和持续调试技术整合到建筑信息模型(BIM)中。第一个目标是开发一种基于各种性能指标的方法，将运行期间的监测结果与设计仿真结果进行比较。收集和比较设计数据和监测数据，以确定和建立新的建模和模拟技术，以减少未来建筑设计和运行性能之间的差异。第二个目标是开发一种方法来修改仿真工具中使用的性能曲线，并利用监测数据开发新的机械设备和部件模型，以考虑到运行期间发生的变化，如设备性能下降。将提出一种通用和系统的方法来修改建筑物运行阶段的部件参数，以便进行校准。所采取的办法包括获取信息和数据，然后利用从测量数据的子集或从制造商的目录数据中提取的数据来确定主要设备的输入参数和性能曲线。然后，用模拟工具中新识别的输入参数替换缺省值或曲线，并在预测和测量之间进行比较。最后一个目标是通过将能源模拟和测量数据集成到BIM中，使用建筑信息模型进一步提高建筑在运行期间的性能。该方法将包括确定和整合各种现有的正在进行的调试工具和可视化工具以及新的模块，以使建筑运营商能够更好地反映建筑性能和问题。拟议的目标是朝着不断改善建筑性能的方向迈出一步，从设计到运营。这方面往往被业界忽视，通过延长设计工具在运行阶段的使用时间，并包括测量数据来改进设计方法，将提高建筑物的整体性能。随着能源目标变得更加严格，这一领域的研究变得至关重要，以确保建筑的长期能源性能，通过保持运行的头几年的性能要求。