In-Situ Reaction Monitoring and Characterization Using Light Scattering Techniques

使用光散射技术进行原位反应监测和表征

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04128
• 负责人: McCaffrey, William
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=612785
• 关键词: Situ; Reaction; Monitoring; Characterization; Using

Heavy oil is upgrading is a worldwide issue with major producers in Russia, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Canada. Canada is a world leader in this area and companies from around the world look to Alberta for it’s long experience. All of this heavy oil requires upgrading before it can be used in conventional refineries. Expanding Canada’s upgrading capacity is a major issue to add value to a major product. The large capital cost of new refineries has limited expansion of our upgrading capacity. Unfortunately, there has been very little innovation in upgrading, mainly due to the complexity of the feeds and difficult reaction conditions. My research program is the development of new tools, techniques, and understanding to improve the chemical processing of the complex systems that are often found in the processing of heavy oils, renewable fuels and catalytic systems. Deeper understanding of the reactions that transform heavy oil to products will open new pathways for commercial technologies. Ultimately, the goal is to continue to develop techniques that can be used with industrial scale reactors for on-line control and optimization. In the case of heavy oil upgrading, the objective of this work is to generate tools to determine the rate of chemical changes that occur during very early stages of reactions and to quantify anisotropic mesophase and isotropic coke formation using light scattering of suspended sub-micron particles in the feed oil and their changes during thermal cracking and hydrogenation reactions. This research would provide a rapid and quantitative in-situ approach to gauge the dynamics of coke formation in these processes. To achieve this goal, the main focus will involve improved microreacotrs for in-situ observations of reacting phenomena, the development of a method of quantification of sub-micron reacting domains that are common in petroleum systems, the development of in-situ Raman spectroscopy techniques for the tracking of chemical composition and catalyst state (for homogeneous catalysts), and the real-time analysis of sub-micron particle distributions during reactions. The worldwide supplies of oil are slowly getting heavier and more difficult to process. Canada has a clear advantage in that we have experience of working with these oils for generations; companies from around the world look to Canada for expertise in understanding how to handle these difficult feeds. The Canadian led generation of new tools to analyze and characterize these highly complex systems will help expand the recognition of Canadian research around the world. Tools that couple the study of kinetics, mass transfer and chemistry will yield detailed phenomenological models of the process that will allow for the testing of new processing options that produce maximum yields with improved product quality and are environmentally sustainable.

重油升级是俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、委内瑞拉和加拿大等主要产油国面临的一个全球性问题。加拿大在这一领域处于世界领先地位，世界各地的公司都将目光投向阿尔伯塔省，因为它有着悠久的经验。所有这些重油在用于传统炼油厂之前都需要进行升级。扩大加拿大的升级能力是增加主要产品价值的主要问题。新炼油厂的巨额资金成本限制了我们升级能力的扩张。不幸的是，在升级方面几乎没有创新，主要是由于进料的复杂性和困难的反应条件。我的研究项目是开发新的工具、技术和理解，以改善在重油、可再生燃料和催化系统的加工中经常发现的复杂系统的化学处理。更深入地了解将重油转化为产品的反应将为商业技术开辟新的途径。最终，目标是继续开发可用于工业规模反应器的在线控制和优化技术。在重油升级的情况下，这项工作的目标是生成工具来确定在反应的早期阶段发生的化学变化的速率，并通过对原料油中悬浮亚微米颗粒的光散射及其在热裂解和加氢反应中的变化来量化各向异性中间相和各向同性焦炭的形成。该研究将提供一种快速、定量的原位方法来测量这些过程中焦炭形成的动力学。为了实现这一目标，主要重点将包括改进微反应器，用于现场观察反应现象，开发亚微米反应域的定量方法，这在石油系统中很常见，开发用于跟踪化学成分和催化剂状态的原位拉曼光谱技术（用于均相催化剂），以及实时分析反应过程中的亚微米颗粒分布。世界范围内的石油供应正慢慢变得越来越重，越来越难加工。加拿大有明显的优势，因为我们有几代人使用这些油的经验；世界各地的公司都向加拿大寻求专业知识，以了解如何处理这些困难的饲料。加拿大领导的一代分析和表征这些高度复杂系统的新工具将有助于扩大加拿大研究在世界范围内的认可。结合动力学、传质和化学研究的工具将产生过程的详细现象学模型，从而允许测试新的加工选择，从而在提高产品质量的同时产生最大产量，并在环境上可持续发展。