Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change on Small Wetland Ecosystems.

了解气候变化对小型湿地生态系统的影响。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05600
• 负责人: Houlahan, Jeff
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=613640
• 关键词: Understanding; Impacts; Climate; Change; Small

The Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on climate change assessment report has been released. The evidence is unequivocal that the climate is changing and there is a strong consensus that the changes are being caused by human activities. Mitigation of climate change impacts is going to require reasonably accurate predictions of the effects of climate change over the next 50-100 years. While there has been a great deal of research aimed at addressing climate change impacts in aquatic systems there have been few, if any, that have been able to use a combination of whole-system manipulations, observations of natural systems and laboratory experiments to predict climate change’s impact. Changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to have both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts are caused by pushing some organisms outside the range of temperatures or hydroperiod which they can tolerate or by altering growth and development rates and changing biotic interactions among species within aquatic systems. For example, both green frogs and wood frogs are likely to benefit from the direct effect of deeper, longer lasting ponds under increased precipitation because they are less likely to undergo mortality due to pond drying. However, the beneficial effect on wood frogs of increased hydroperiod may be offset  by increased predation of wood frog eggs by green frog tadpoles.The Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on climate change assessment report has been released and the evidence is unequivocal that the climate is changing and there is a strong consensus that the changes are being caused by human activities. Mitigation of climate change impacts is going to require reasonably accurate predictions of the effects of climate change over the next 50-100 years. While there has been a great deal of research aimed at addressing climate change impacts in aquatic systems there have been few, if any, that have been able to use a combination of whole-system manipulations, observations of natural systems and laboratory experiments to provide to predict climate changes impact. Changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to have both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts caused by pushing some organisms outside the range of temperatures or hydroperiod which they can tolerate or by altering growth and development rates and indirect impacts by changing biotic interactions among species within aquatic systems. One example of such a potential indirect effect caused by changes in biotic interactions is between green frog and wood frog tadpoles. Both green frogs and wood frogs are likely to benefit from the direct effect of deeper, longer lasting ponds due to increased precipitation because they are less likely to undergo mortality due to pond drying. However, the beneficial effect on wood frogs of increased hydroperiod may be offset or overwhelmed by increased predation of wood frog eggs by green frog tadpoles.

政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告已经发布。证据确凿地表明，气候正在发生变化，而且有一个强烈的共识，即这些变化是由人类活动引起的。缓解气候变化的影响将需要对未来50-100年内气候变化的影响做出相当准确的预测。虽然已经有大量研究旨在解决气候变化对水生系统的影响，但能够结合全系统操纵、自然系统观察和实验室实验来预测气候变化影响的研究很少，如果有的话。 气温和降水的变化可能会产生直接和间接的影响。直接影响是由于将一些生物推到它们可以容忍的温度或水期范围之外，或者通过改变生长和发育速度以及改变水生系统内物种之间的生物相互作用而造成的。例如，在降雨量增加的情况下，绿色青蛙和林蛙都可能受益于更深、更持久的池塘的直接影响，因为它们不太可能因池塘干燥而死亡。然而，增加的水期对林蛙的有益影响可能会被绿色青蛙蝌蚪对林蛙卵的捕食增加所抵消。政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告已经发布，证据是 毫无疑问，气候正在变化，人们有一个强烈的共识，即这些变化是由更多的人类活动造成的。缓解气候变化的影响将需要对未来50-100年内气候变化的总体影响做出合理准确的预测。虽然已经有大量的研究旨在 处理水生系统中的气候变化影响，能够利用全系统操纵、对自然系统的观察和实验室实验的有效组合来预测气候变化影响的人，如果有的话，也很少。 气温和降水的变化可能会产生直接和间接的影响。直接影响是将一些生物体推到它们可以容忍的温度或水期之外，改变生长和发育速度而造成的直接影响，以及改变物种之间的生物相互作用造成的间接影响 在水生系统中。这种潜在的间接影响的一个例子是绿色青蛙和林蛙蝌蚪之间的生物相互作用的变化。绿蛙和林蛙都可能受益于更深、更持久的池塘的直接影响，因为降雨量增加，因为它们不太可能经历 池塘干涸造成的死亡率。然而，增加的水期对林蛙的有利影响可能被绿蛙蝌蚪对林蛙卵的捕食增加所抵消或压倒。