Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change on Small Wetland Ecosystems.

政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告已经发布。有证据表明，气候正在发生变化，人们强烈认为，这些变化是由人类活动造成的。减轻气候变化的影响将需要对未来50-100年气候变化的影响进行合理准确的预测。虽然有大量研究旨在解决气候变化对水生系统的影响，但能够结合使用整个系统的操纵、自然系统的观察和实验室实验来预测气候变化的影响的研究很少，如果有的话。* 气温和降水量的变化可能会产生直接和间接影响。直接影响是由于将某些生物推到它们能够忍受的温度或水周期范围之外，或由于改变生长和发育速度以及改变水生系统内物种之间的生物相互作用而造成的。例如，绿色青蛙和树蛙都可能受益于更深、更持久的池塘在降水增加的直接影响，因为它们不太可能因池塘干涸而死亡。然而，增加的水周期对林蛙的有益影响可能会被绿色蛙蝌蚪对林蛙卵的捕食增加所抵消。第五次政府间气候变化专门委员会评估报告已经发布，证据是 * 明确的，气候正在变化，人们强烈一致认为这些变化是由人类活动造成的。缓解气候变化影响需要对未来50-100年气候变化的影响进行相当准确的预测。虽然已经有大量的研究旨在 * 解决气候变化对水生系统的影响，但很少有研究能够将整个系统的操纵、对自然系统的观察和实验室实验结合起来，以预测气候变化的影响。温度和降水量的变化可能会产生直接和间接的影响。将某些生物推到它们所能忍受的温度或水周期范围之外或改变生长和发育速度所造成的直接影响，以及改变水生系统内物种 * 之间的生物相互作用所造成的间接影响。生物相互作用的变化引起的这种潜在间接影响的一个例子是绿色青蛙和林蛙蝌蚪之间的关系。绿色青蛙和树蛙都可能受益于更深、更持久的池塘的直接影响，因为它们不太可能因池塘干涸而死亡。然而，增加水分周期对林蛙的有益影响可能会被绿色蛙蝌蚪对林蛙卵的捕食增加所抵消或抵消。*** **

The Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on climate change assessment report has been released. The evidence is unequivocal that the climate is changing and there is a strong consensus that the changes are being caused by human activities. Mitigation of climate change impacts is going to require reasonably accurate predictions of the effects of climate change over the next 50-100 years. While there has been a great deal of research aimed at addressing climate change impacts in aquatic systems there have been few, if any, that have been able to use a combination of whole-system manipulations, observations of natural systems and laboratory experiments to predict climate change's impact. ***Changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to have both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts are caused by pushing some organisms outside the range of temperatures or hydroperiod which they can tolerate or by altering growth and development rates and changing biotic interactions among species within aquatic systems. For example, both green frogs and wood frogs are likely to benefit from the direct effect of deeper, longer lasting ponds under increased precipitation because they are less likely to undergo mortality due to pond drying. However, the beneficial effect on wood frogs of increased hydroperiod may be offset  by increased predation of wood frog eggs by green frog tadpoles.The Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on climate change assessment report has been released and the evidence is***unequivocal that the climate is changing and there is a strong consensus that the changes are being caused by human activities. Mitigation of climate change impacts is going to require reasonably accurate predictions of the effects of climate change over the next 50-100 years. While there has been a great deal of research aimed at***addressing climate change impacts in aquatic systems there have been few, if any, that have been able to use a combination of whole-system manipulations, observations of natural systems and laboratory experiments to provide to predict climate changes impact.***Changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to have both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts caused by pushing some organisms outside the range of temperatures or hydroperiod which they can tolerate or by altering growth and development rates and indirect impacts by changing biotic interactions among species***within aquatic systems. One example of such a potential indirect effect caused by changes in biotic interactions is between green frog and wood frog tadpoles. Both green frogs and wood frogs are likely to benefit from the direct effect of deeper, longer lasting ponds due to increased precipitation because they are less likely to undergo***mortality due to pond drying. However, the beneficial effect on wood frogs of increased hydroperiod may be offset or overwhelmed by increased predation of wood frog eggs by green frog tadpoles. *** **