Understanding the Impacts of Climate Change on Small Wetland Ecosystems.

政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告已经发布。有确凿的证据表明，气候正在发生变化，而且人们强烈一致认为，这些变化是由人类活动引起的。减缓气候变化影响将需要对未来50-100年气候变化的影响作出合理准确的预测。虽然已有大量研究旨在解决气候变化对水生系统的影响，但能够结合使用全系统操作、自然系统观测和实验室实验来预测气候变化影响的研究即使有，也很少。温度和降水的变化可能会产生直接和间接的影响。直接影响是通过将一些生物推到它们所能忍受的温度或水周期范围之外，或通过改变生长和发育速度以及改变水生系统中物种之间的生物相互作用造成的。例如，在降水增加的情况下，绿蛙和林蛙都可能受益于更深、更持久的池塘的直接影响，因为它们不太可能因池塘干燥而死亡。然而，水期增加对林蛙的有利影响可能被绿蛙蝌蚪捕食林蛙卵的增加所抵消。政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告已经发布，证据确凿地表明气候正在发生变化，而且人们强烈一致认为这些变化是由人类活动引起的。减缓气候变化影响将需要对未来50-100年气候变化的影响作出合理准确的预测。虽然已有大量研究旨在解决气候变化对水生系统的影响，但能够结合使用全系统操作、自然系统观测和实验室实验来预测气候变化影响的研究很少，如果有的话。温度和降水的变化可能会产生直接和间接的影响。将某些生物推到它们所能忍受的温度或水周期范围之外或通过改变生长和发育速度所造成的直接影响；以及通过改变水生系统内物种之间的生物相互作用所造成的间接影响。这种由生物相互作用变化引起的潜在间接影响的一个例子是绿蛙和林蛙蝌蚪之间的关系。绿蛙和林蛙都可能受益于由于降水增加而产生的更深、更持久的池塘的直接影响，因为它们不太可能因池塘干燥而死亡。然而，水期增加对林蛙的有利影响可能被绿蛙蝌蚪捕食林蛙卵的增加所抵消或抵消。* * * * *

The Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on climate change assessment report has been released. The evidence is unequivocal that the climate is changing and there is a strong consensus that the changes are being caused by human activities. Mitigation of climate change impacts is going to require reasonably accurate predictions of the effects of climate change over the next 50-100 years. While there has been a great deal of research aimed at addressing climate change impacts in aquatic systems there have been few, if any, that have been able to use a combination of whole-system manipulations, observations of natural systems and laboratory experiments to predict climate change's impact. ***Changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to have both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts are caused by pushing some organisms outside the range of temperatures or hydroperiod which they can tolerate or by altering growth and development rates and changing biotic interactions among species within aquatic systems. For example, both green frogs and wood frogs are likely to benefit from the direct effect of deeper, longer lasting ponds under increased precipitation because they are less likely to undergo mortality due to pond drying. However, the beneficial effect on wood frogs of increased hydroperiod may be offset  by increased predation of wood frog eggs by green frog tadpoles.The Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on climate change assessment report has been released and the evidence is***unequivocal that the climate is changing and there is a strong consensus that the changes are being caused by human activities. Mitigation of climate change impacts is going to require reasonably accurate predictions of the effects of climate change over the next 50-100 years. While there has been a great deal of research aimed at***addressing climate change impacts in aquatic systems there have been few, if any, that have been able to use a combination of whole-system manipulations, observations of natural systems and laboratory experiments to provide to predict climate changes impact.***Changes in temperature and precipitation are likely to have both direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts caused by pushing some organisms outside the range of temperatures or hydroperiod which they can tolerate or by altering growth and development rates and indirect impacts by changing biotic interactions among species***within aquatic systems. One example of such a potential indirect effect caused by changes in biotic interactions is between green frog and wood frog tadpoles. Both green frogs and wood frogs are likely to benefit from the direct effect of deeper, longer lasting ponds due to increased precipitation because they are less likely to undergo***mortality due to pond drying. However, the beneficial effect on wood frogs of increased hydroperiod may be offset or overwhelmed by increased predation of wood frog eggs by green frog tadpoles. *** **