Perception and memory of voices and faces

对声音和面孔的感知和记忆

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05814
• 负责人: Feinberg, David
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615917
• 关键词: Perception; memory; voices; faces

One of the most fascinating parts of psychology is when our perceptions don't map onto the real world. My research has discovered that although we think tall people have low pitched voices, in reality, they do not. Much of my current research and the main objective of this grant is to study how we use voice frequencies (i.e. fundamental and formant frequencies) to help us judge how tall people are, and how this relates to our broader understanding of cross-modal correspondences. Forty years of research, shows that people associate low voice-pitched voices with larger body size, despite the fact that my recent meta-analysis shows that voice pitch has very little explanatory value for the height of same-sex adults. On the other hand, format frequencies, the resonant frequencies of the supralaryngeal vocal-tract are tied to body size and lower formants are correctly perceived as coming from larger individuals. When we hear people with low pitched voices, we know they are taller than people with higher pitched voices, but my research program shows that this knowledge is wrong at least half of the time when judging same sex adults. One of the goals of my research program and this grant is to try to understand why this happens. Based on the aforementioned priors, we would also expect that if we played a low pitched voice from a higher spatial location, the vocalizer would be perceived as larger than if from a lower spatial location. Our recent pilot data shows the opposite pattern, that low pitched voices are perceived as larger when projecting from a lower spatial location than a higher spatial location. This is highly consistent with research from cross modal correspondences that has long uncovered strong links between low frequency, low spatial location, and large objects. One of the goals of my research program and this grant is to integrate these two ideas to understand why spatial location has such a strong effect on size perception -that is contrary to the physical world. Further, relatively little is known about the relative influence of fundamental and formant frequencies on frequency-elevation mapping. My third goal is to determine how fundamental and formant frequencies work in isolation and together in frequency-elevation mappinng and size perception. Ultimately these experiments will help my research program understand how and why we use inappropriate and appropriate cues to body size when judging how large people are, and where they are in the world.

心理学最迷人的部分之一是当我们的感知无法映射到真实的世界时。我的研究发现，虽然我们认为高个子的人声音低沉，但实际上，他们不是。我目前的大部分研究和这项资助的主要目标是研究我们如何使用语音频率（即基频和共振峰频率）来帮助我们判断人们有多高，以及这与我们对跨模态对应的更广泛理解有何关系。 40年的研究表明，人们将低沉的声音与较大的体型联系起来，尽管我最近的元分析表明，音调对同性成年人的身高几乎没有解释价值。另一方面，格式频率，喉上声道的共振频率与身体大小有关，较低的共振峰被正确地感知为来自较大的个体。当我们听到声音低沉的人时，我们知道他们比声音高亢的人高，但我的研究项目表明，在判断同性成年人时，这种知识至少有一半是错误的。我的研究计划和这笔赠款的目标之一就是试图理解为什么会发生这种情况。基于上述先验知识，我们还可以预期，如果我们从较高的空间位置播放低音调，发声者将被感知为比从较低的空间位置更大。我们最近的试验数据显示了相反的模式，即当从较低的空间位置投射时，低音调的声音被认为比从较高的空间位置投射时更大。这与跨模态对应的研究高度一致，该研究长期以来一直揭示低频，低空间位置和大型物体之间的密切联系。我的研究计划和这笔赠款的目标之一是整合这两个想法，以了解为什么空间位置对大小感知有如此强烈的影响-这与物理世界相反。 此外，关于基频和共振峰频率对频率-仰角映射的相对影响，人们知之甚少。我的第三个目标是确定基频和共振峰频率在频率-仰角映射和大小感知中是如何单独工作的。 最终，这些实验将帮助我的研究项目了解我们在判断一个人的体型大小以及他们在世界上的位置时，是如何以及为什么使用不适当和适当的身体尺寸线索的。