Shoulder control and influence of physiological perturbations

肩部控制和生理扰动的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05996
• 负责人: Roy, JeanSébastien
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=616037
• 关键词: Shoulder; control; influence; physiological; perturbations

The primary role of the upper limb is to position the hand to perform various activities ranging from high-powered explosive actions to complex prehensile tasks. To accommodate these roles, high level of mobility is required at the shoulder. Shoulder control therefore relies heavily on proprioceptive information and on the processing and integration of this information in the selection of motor commands. As a result, shoulder control can be affected by factors known to affect joint control such as pain and fatigue (especially in arm elevation positions), and the mechanisms involved in such changes are not well understood. Conversely, training improves motor control by strengthening the internal representation and by reinforcing feedforward control of movements. Whether training has the potential to make motor representations more robust against the adverse effects of perturbations such as pain and fatigue, for example by producing motor commands that rely more on feedforward mechanisms, is still relatively unexplored. Over the next 5 years my research program will investigate the mechanisms underlying changes in shoulder control following pain and fatigue (Obj.1), and study if the central nervous system has the capacity to protect itself from the influence of these physiological perturbations using motor learning (Obj.2). First, the effects of pain and muscle fatigue on shoulder control will be investigated, as well as the attentional demand of these perturbations (Obj.1). In different projects, different groups of healthy subjects will be exposed during reaching tasks in elevated arm positions (using a robotic exoskeleton) to either a physiological perturbation (pain or fatigue), or a combination of pain or fatigue and attentional demand (using dual task), and compared to a control group. Shoulder control will be characterized by movement patterns and central motor control. Obj.1 will improve our understanding into the adaptation of shoulder control when confronted with perturbations commonly found during daily life. To assess if motor learning results in a more feedforward control that decreases the negative influence of perturbations (Obj.2), groups of subjects will take part in training sessions (execution of reaching without perturbation) during consecutive days. Shoulder control with a physiological perturbation will be evaluated before and after the training period. Obj.2 will lead to a better comprehension of how the sensorimotor system protects itself from these perturbations to minimize their effects. In conclusion, given that the upper limb is used in elevated arm positions in many sports and work-related activities, this program will lead to greater insight on how people that have to perform repetitive movements in these positions adapt their shoulder control with the presence of pain or fatigue in order to minimize their effects and to continue performing at a high level.

上肢的主要作用是定位手以执行各种活动，从高强度的爆发力动作到复杂的抓取任务。为了适应这些角色，肩部需要高水平的活动能力。因此，肩部控制在很大程度上依赖于本体感觉信息以及在选择运动命令时对该信息的处理和整合。因此，肩部控制可能会受到已知影响关节控制的因素的影响，例如疼痛和疲劳（尤其是在手臂抬高位置时），而此类变化所涉及的机制尚不清楚。相反，训练通过加强内部表征和运动的前馈控制来改善运动控制。训练是否有可能使运动表征更加鲁棒，以应对疼痛和疲劳等扰动的不利影响，例如通过产生更多依赖于前馈机制的运动命令，目前仍处于相对未经探索的阶段。在接下来的 5 年里，我的研究计划将调查疼痛和疲劳后肩部控制变化的潜在机制（Obj.1），并研究中枢神经系统是否有能力利用运动学习来保护自己免受这些生理扰动的影响（Obj.2）。 首先，将研究疼痛和肌肉疲劳对肩部控制的影响，以及这些扰动的注意力需求（Obj.1）。在不同的项目中，不同组的健康受试者在以高位手臂姿势（使用机器人外骨骼）完成任务时将面临生理扰动（疼痛或疲劳），或疼痛或疲劳和注意力需求的组合（使用双重任务），并与对照组进行比较。肩部控制的特点是运动模式和中央运动控制。 Obj.1 将提高我们对日常生活中常见的干扰时肩部控制适应的理解。 为了评估运动学习是否会产生更前馈的控制，从而减少扰动的负面影响（Obj.2），受试者组将在连续几天内参加训练课程（执行无扰动的到达）。将在训练之前和之后评估带有生理扰动的肩部控制。 Obj.2 将帮助我们更好地理解感觉运动系统如何保护自身免受这些扰动的影响，从而最大限度地减少其影响。总之，鉴于在许多运动和与工作相关的活动中上肢都以抬高的手臂姿势使用，该计划将有助于人们更深入地了解必须以这些姿势进行重复运动的人们如何在疼痛或疲劳的情况下调整肩部控制，以最大程度地减少其影响并继续保持高水平。