Phase state and diffusion within atmospheric particles

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Biological sources (for example vegetation) and anthropogenic sources (for example transportation) emit copious quantities of volatile organic compounds. In the atmosphere, these volatile organic compounds are oxidized by a complex series of reactions to form semivolatile organic compounds, followed by condensation of the low volatility products and formation of microscopic particles. We refer to these microscopic particles as secondary organic material (SOM) particles. The term “secondary” indicates the material is formed in the atmosphere rather than emitted directly into the atmosphere. SOM particles can affect Earth’s climate by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and by acting as seeds (i.e. nuclei) for clouds. SOM particles can also negatively affect air quality and human health. Currently the scientific understanding of SOM particles is low, which limits our ability to predict their impact on climate, air quality and health.