Innate immunity in teleosts

硬骨鱼的先天免疫

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-06202
• 负责人: Lumsden, John
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709786
• 关键词: Innate; immunity; teleosts

My research program and the studies outlined in the present short-term objectives are designed to better understand innate resistance of fish to infectious disease. Aquaculture is responsible for more than half of all fish protein consumed worldwide and infectious disease is an important cause of lost production. Aquaculture is a growth industry for Canada and will continue to expand and support Canadian jobs in the future. The cost-benefit ratio (relatively low cost per unit product) for fish health requires that we identify innate markers for resistance to infectious disease to provide enhanced survival, without heavy reliance on antimicrobials or expensive products. Two important diseases of rainbow trout (RT) are viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the cause of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD). BCWD is the most economically important disease of trout in North America and VHSV, as a reportable disease, is always of concern. The gill epithelium and the splenic macrophage are key cells that provide for resistance from VHSV and BCWD, respectively. The antimicrobial capabilities of the gill epithelium, which would limit initial VHSV replication, are critical to reduce systemic spread and mortality and the propsed research will use a cell line derived from RT gill epithelium. A RT splenic macrophage cell line will also be used to model killing of F. psychrophilum. Stimulation of antiviral and antibacterial resistance by using relatively cost-effective microbial patterns/structures is one potential outcome of this research. Finally, this research will examine a potentially very important phenomenon that we have discovered regarding resistance to BCWD. Trout which were fed a mycotoxin commonly found in commercial aquaculture feeds, or trout which were on a restricted diet, were actually less susceptible to experimental infection. We hypothesize that this mechanism is due to induction of a cell pathway termed autophagy that can limit the growth of intracellular organisms. Understanding this phenomenon could have important implications for reducing production losses and mortality in aquaculture. An important benefit of this research program would be reduced reliance on antimicrobial use in farmed fish and improved efficiency in the cost of production. This funding will also train at least four high quality personnel in applied and basic aquatic animal health and will ideally position them for employment in the allied health industry, either in positions directly related to aquaculture or in other fields.

我的研究计划和目前短期目标中概述的研究旨在更好地了解鱼类对传染病的天生抵抗力。水产养殖占全世界消费的所有鱼类蛋白的一半以上，传染病是造成产量损失的一个重要原因。水产养殖业是加拿大的成长型产业，未来将继续扩大和支持加拿大的就业机会。鱼类健康的成本效益比(单位产品成本相对较低)要求我们确定天然的抗传染病标志物，以提高存活率，而不是严重依赖抗菌剂或昂贵的产品。引起细菌性冷水病(BCWD)的两种重要疾病是病毒性出血性败血症病毒(VHSV)和嗜冷黄杆菌。BCWD是北美鲑鱼最重要的经济疾病，而VHSV作为一种可报告的疾病，一直受到人们的关注。鳃上皮和脾巨噬细胞分别是抵抗VHSV和BCWD的关键细胞。鳃上皮的抗菌能力将限制最初的VHSV复制，这对减少全身传播和死亡率至关重要，拟议的研究将使用来自RT鳃上皮的细胞系。RT脾巨噬细胞系也将被用来模拟对嗜冷杆菌的杀灭。通过使用相对经济有效的微生物模式/结构来刺激抗病毒和抗细菌耐药性是这项研究的一个潜在结果。最后，这项研究将检验我们发现的关于对BCWD的抗性的一个潜在的非常重要的现象。喂食商业水产养殖饲料中常见的真菌毒素的鲑鱼，或限制饮食的鲑鱼，实际上不太容易受到实验感染。我们假设这一机制是由于一种称为自噬的细胞途径的诱导所致，该途径可以限制细胞内生物的生长。了解这一现象对于减少水产养殖业的生产损失和死亡率具有重要意义。这项研究计划的一个重要好处是减少了对养殖鱼类使用抗菌剂的依赖，并提高了生产成本的效率。这笔资金还将培训至少四名应用和基本水生动物健康方面的高素质人员，并理想地将他们安置在与水产养殖直接相关的职位或其他领域的联合健康行业。