High performance near-IR-active macro- and nano-Metal-Organic-Frameworks using organic dyes

本研究旨在设计具有多种功能的纳米多孔材料。首先，这些多孔 材料是由一个称为节点的无机部分和一个刚性有机单元组成的。它们一起构成了一个三维的 各种形式和腔体尺寸的多孔框架。该材料属于配位聚合物家族，更具体地说， 金属有机骨架（MOFs）。因此， 可以充满分子使它们成为货物。的 单词配位意味着金属和有机部分之间的连接是 配位键比共价键弱。这种相对 脆弱性可以用来触发框架的崩溃，因此是一种释放。 货物内部的分子（即药物输送）。二是 该建议的特殊性在于有机单元是染料吸收性的， 在光疗窗口（650-850 nm）内发射， 在800 nm处，其中光最好地穿透皮肤（注意， 区域为780-2500 nm）。简而言之，可以触发药物从 使用650-850 nm范围的辐射在患者体外进行。此外，排放 在800 nm处， 通过近红外探测器检测患者。这个过程称为光学成像。 第三，一些染料可以吸收光和热，直到MOFs分解（因为配位键的弱点）。也 热量的增加本身也会对活细胞造成损害。是 叫做光热疗法第四，氧气无处不在。这些染料还具有 吸收光并将其能量通过简单的 接触或碰撞。在能量转移时，氧变成单线态氧 （获得能量）并且对活细胞非常有毒。这个过程称为 光动力疗法有趣的是，一旦MOF被分解，染料却完好无损 并且对于单线态氧的产生仍然是光活性的。与 适当的染料或染料，纳米-MOF的构建（用于医疗用途）， 因为该尺寸适合于穿透活细胞）需要 只有几个步骤，并将展示四个目标功能：成像，药物输送， 光热和光动力疗法。这是一个四合一的新概念，其中三个旨在 杀死癌细胞。因为MOF在其表面容易改性， 识别受体（识别癌细胞）和近红外发射染料 可以被锚定。

This research consists at designing nano-sized porous materials exhibiting multiple functions. First, these porous materials are built with an inorganic part called node and a rigid organic unit. Together, they form a 3-dimensional porous frame of various forms and cavity sizes. This material belongs to the family of coordination polymers, more specifically to metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs). Thus, the voids created by this assembly can be filled with molecules making them cargos. The word coordination means that the link between the metal and organic parts is a coordination bond, which is weaker than a covalent one. This relative fragility can be used to trigger a breakdown of the framework, therefore a release of the molecules inside the cargos (i.e. drug delivery). Second, the specificity of the proposal is that the organic units are dyes absorbing and emitting in the phototherapeutic window (650-850 nm) with an optimum position at 800 nm where light penetrates best through skin (note that the near-IR region is 780-2500 nm). In simple words, one can trigger a drug release from the outside of the patient using a radiation of 650-850 nm range. Moreover, the emission from the dye inside an organ can best escape at 800 nm and be detected outside the patient by a near-IR detector. This process is called optical imaging. Third, some dyes can absorb light and heat to up the point that the MOFs breaks down (because of the weakness of the coordination bond). Also the increase in heat by itself can also cause dammage to the living cells. It is called photothermal therapy. Fourth, oxygen is everywhere. These dyes also have the capacity to absorb light and transfer its energy to oxygen by simple contact or collision. Upon energy transfer, oxygen becomes singlet oxygen (gained energy) and is very toxic to living cell. This process is called photodynamic therapy. Interestingly, once the MOF is broken down, the dye is intact and can still be photo-active for the generation of singlet oxygen. With the appropriate dye or dyes, the construction of nano-MOFs (for medical applications as this size is appropriate to penetrate the living cells) requires only a few steps and will exhibit four target functions : imaging, drug delivery, photothermal and photodynamic therapy. This is a new concept four in one, three of them are designed to kill cancer cells. Because MOFs are easily modifyable at their surface, recognition receptors (to recognize the cancer cells) and near-IR emissive dyes can be anchored on.