Efficient computing systems for deep learning and combinatorial optimization

基于机器学习的人工智能已经在几个重要领域得到了应用，包括模式和语音识别、机器人和自动驾驶。特别是，组合优化是许多智能应用的关键，包括交通控制和规划、高效物流规划和智能电网。然而，机器学习系统需要处理大量的数据，这在计算、内存存储和它们之间的通信方面需要大量的资源。这个问题对传统的计算体系结构提出了重大挑战。该项目将与华为加拿大公司合作，为机器学习和人工智能开发高效的计算系统。为此，我们将追求几个新的研究方向，包括：A.使用近似和超紧凑组件的硬件高效神经网络；B.处理大数据的内存储器或近存储器处理；C.基于有效组合优化的自然计算原理的新型计算机芯片。该项目得到了华为加拿大公司的全力支持，该公司目前在加拿大多个城市拥有800多名员工，并通过与亚利桑那大学的联合研究项目提供支持。加拿大一直被称为机器学习研究的大本营；然而，相关产业一直落后于国际竞争对手。该项目的成果将有助于填补这一空白，并促进加拿大工业在竞争中占据更强的地位。项目成果将催生更加环保的信息通信技术（ICT）系统，并有助于解决ICT行业在减少碳足迹方面面临的关键挑战。这项研究采用了真正创新的方法，并为高素质人才（HQP）提供了良好的培训机会，他们将具备加拿大工业高科技部门高度要求的技能。因此，该项目的预期成果将对经济的长期增长产生深远的影响，并对加拿大的工业和经济具有重要意义。

Machine learning-based artificial intelligence has found applications in several important areas, including pattern and voice recognition, robotics and autonomous driving. In particular, combinatorial optimization is key to many intelligent applications, including traffic control and planning, efficient logistic planning and smart power grids. However, machine learning systems need to process a huge amount of data that requires significant resources in computing, memory storage and the communications between them. This issue presents a significant challenge for conventional computing architectures. In collaboration with Huawei Canada, this project will develop efficient computing systems for machine learning and artificial intelligence. To this end, we will pursue several new directions of research, including: A. Hardware-efficient neural networks using approximate and ultra-compact components; B. In- or near-memory processing for handling big data; and C. a new type of computer chips based on the principles of natural computing for efficient combinatorial optimization. This project is fully supported by Huawei Canada, who currently has over 800 employees with offices in multiple Canadian cities, through a joint research program at the U of A. Canada has been known as a stronghold for machine learning research; however, the related industry has been lagging behind international competitors. The outcomes of this project will help fill this gap and promote the Canadian industry to a stronger position in the competition. The project outcomes will lead to more environmentally friendly Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems and help resolve key challenges in reducing the carbon footprint in the ICT industry. This research takes a truly innovative approach and provides excellent training opportunities for highly qualified personnel (HQP), who will be equipped with skills highly demanded by the high-tech sectors in Canadian industry. The expected outcomes of this project will, therefore, have a profound impact on the long-term growth of the economy and will be of significant industrial and economic importance to Canada.