Novel Phases and Physical Properties of Classical and Quantum Materials at Extreme Conditions

在极端压力和温度条件下的经典和量子材料物理学的拟议研究和HQP培训计划代表了当前项目和新研究计划的延续。该项目包括四个主要的长期研究目标：(a)揭示经典和量子材料中可能在极端条件下呈现不寻常物理特性的新型致密相；通过广泛使用金刚石砧细胞技术实现(b)比较实验测量的新型致密相材料的物理性质与计算模拟的性质，以改进实验结果和计算模型(c)大量使用同步辐射来探测致密材料(d)开发创新的实验方法、设备和纳米传感器，以探测极端条件下的凝聚态物质。作为下一个授权期的短期目标，我们将(i)研究密集二维和准二维量子系统的物理性质，包括范德华插层材料，主要但不限于在极端条件下探索BN和C基固体。在这种情况下，极端温度和压力的使用意味着通过调整固体中的原子相互作用来诱导光学/电子响应的变化，从而在电子和传感领域获得潜在的有用应用。（ii）继续探索由氮与元素和其他简单分子混合形成的新型二元化合物的合成条件。利用压力在高密度下诱导非常规键合（iii）对二元化合物形成的条件和这些新型致密范德华固体的物理性质进行系统研究，作为创新的固态储能系统和具有不寻常化学计量和不寻常物理性质的新型氮化物相（iv）追求在极端条件下研究量子材料的新方法的发展。例如，在高压下使用飞秒激光辐射源的太赫兹时域光谱学(v)通过化学气相沉积生长具有受控杂质水平和晶体微观结构的金刚石和类金刚石材料，以生产功能化掺杂金刚石纳米传感器和金刚石嵌入微电路，这对于实现极端条件，探测高密度材料的电学和磁性能以及开发精确的计量都是至关重要的。除了使用我们实验室的仪器和渥太华大学的核心研究设施外，拟议的项目将在很大程度上利用与国内和国际合作者的同步辐射设施。我们提议的项目和研究环境，旨在方便和包容，将为学生和博士后提供高度激励和全面的培训。

The proposed research and HQP training programs in physics of classical and quantum materials under extreme pressure and temperature conditions represent a continuation of current projects and new research initiatives. The program is comprised of four main long-term research goals: (a) unravel novel dense phases in classical and quantum materials which may present unusual physical properties at extreme conditions, achieved by the extensive use of diamond anvil cell techniques (b) compare the experimentally measured physical properties of novel dense phases of materials with computationally simulated properties to refine both the experimental results and computational modelling (c) make an intensive use of synchrotron radiation to probe dense materials (d) develop innovative experimental methods, devices, and nanosensors necessary to probe condensed matter submitted to extreme conditions. As short-term goals during the next granting period, we will (i) study the physical properties of dense 2D and quasi-2D quantum systems including van der Walls intercalated materials with the main, but not exclusive, focus on the exploration of BN and C based solids at extreme conditions. In this case, the use of extreme temperature and pressure is meant to induce changes of the optical/electronic response by tuning atomic interactions in the solid state for potentially useful applications in electronics and sensing (ii) pursue the exploration of conditions for the synthesis of novel binary compounds formed by nitrogen mixed with elements and other simple molecules, using pressure to induce unconventional bonding at high density (iii) carry out a systematic study of the conditions for binary compound formation and the physical properties of these novel dense van der Waals solids as innovative solid state energy storage systems and novel nitride phases with uncommon stoichiometry and unusual physical properties (iv) pursue the development of a new method for the study of quantum materials at extreme conditions. i.e., THz time-domain spectroscopy at high pressure using femtosecond laser-based radiation sources (v) grow diamond and diamond-like materials with controlled impurity level and crystalline microstructure by chemical vapour deposition to produce functionalized doped diamond nanosensors and diamond-embedded microcircuitry, both central to achieving extreme conditions, probing electrical and magnetic properties of high-density materials and developing accurate metrology. In addition to using instrumentation in our laboratory and core research facilities at uOttawa, the proposed program will largely take advantage of synchrotron radiation facilities with national and international collaborators. Our proposed program and research environment, designed to be accessible and inclusive, will provide a highly motivating and comprehensive training for students and postdoctoral fellows.