Components of human attention

人类注意力的组成部分

• 批准号: RGPIN-2022-03079
• 负责人: Kingstone, Alan
• 金额: $ 6.99万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=764059
• 关键词: Components; human; attention

In our everyday lives we are presented with more information than we can possibly take in. For this reason, we select from the information that is available to us. This selection process is often volitional (endogenous) but sometimes things in the world draw our attention reflexively (exogenously). When attending to visual information, we tend to look at things that interest us (overt selection) though occasionally we may secretly attend to things out of the corner of our eyes (covert attention). These processes of attending to some information to the exclusion of other information is the focus of my research. Humans seem to have an overwhelming preference to attend to things with minds, that is, subjects in our world that we perceive as having experience (they can feel things) and agency (they can do things). Researchers have struggled and debated on how to isolate the effects of mind on human attention from other features in the world that do not represent mind (e.g., the brightness of an object). My lab has recently discovered that people ascribe less 'mind' to people seen in image form versus in the flesh, and even less mind again to images of images of people. This new phenomenon, which we coined the 'Medusa effect', provides a way to tease apart the attention effects of mind from nonmind. In this proposal three levels of investigation are outlined as representative of my lab's program of research. Each level is concerned with the application of the Medusa effect to identify an observer's attentional selection of information that is perceived to represent a mind. At the first level of investigation attentional orienting to static images (e.g., photos) is examined. At the second level, dynamic images (e.g., videos) are utilised. At the third level, the stimuli are real people. Behavioural measures are obtained throughout. The idea emerging from the proposed research is that the principles of attentional selection are shaped by the context in which they operate. The present proposal stands as a particularly strong example of this view by examining the ways that humans' preference toward minded beings is influenced by the complexity of the situation that they are embedded within.

在我们的日常生活中，我们所获得的信息比我们所能接受的要多。因此，我们从我们可获得的信息中选择。这个选择过程通常是意志性的（内源性的），但有时世界上的事物会反射性地（外源性的）吸引我们的注意力。当我们关注视觉信息时，我们倾向于看我们感兴趣的东西（显性选择），尽管偶尔我们可能会偷偷地关注我们眼角的东西（隐性注意）。这些关注某些信息而排除其他信息的过程是我研究的重点。 人类似乎有一种压倒性的偏好，即我们世界中的主体，我们认为他们有经验（他们可以感觉到事物）和代理（他们可以做事情）。研究人员一直在努力和辩论如何将思维对人类注意力的影响与世界上不代表思维的其他特征（例如，物体的亮度）。我的实验室最近发现，人们认为以图像形式出现的人比肉体中的人更少“头脑”，甚至更少的头脑再次出现在人们的图像中。这种新的现象，我们创造了“美杜莎效应”，提供了一种方法来区分心灵和非心灵的注意力效应。 在这个建议中，三个层次的调查概述了我的实验室的研究计划的代表。每一级都涉及美杜莎效应的应用，以识别观察者对被感知为代表心灵的信息的注意选择。在调查的第一个层次，注意力定向到静态图像（例如，照片）进行检查。在第二层，动态图像（例如，视频）使用。在第三个层次，刺激是真实的人。整个过程中都进行了行为测量。 从拟议的研究中出现的想法是，注意力选择的原则是由它们所处的环境塑造的。本提案是这一观点的一个特别有力的例子，它考察了人类对有意识生物的偏好是如何受到它们所处环境的复杂性的影响的。