Components of human selective attention

人类选择性注意的组成部分在我们的日常生活中，呈现给我们的信息比我们可能接受的要多。出于这个原因，我们必须不断地选择我们将对哪些信息采取行动，以及我们将丢弃和忽略哪些信息。这种有选择地注意某些信息而忽略其他信息的过程是我研究的重点。*可以通过两种方式之一选择信息。它可以是公开的，也就是说，以其他人可见的方式，例如当一个人在过马路之前向左看右看时；或者选择可以是隐蔽的，例如当一个人偷听对话时。任何一种定向方式都可以以自愿的方式(内源性)或自动的(外源性)触发。我的研究计划的重点是了解这些不同形式的定向及其控制是如何相互作用的。我的研究发生在自然界和受控的实验室环境中。*本申请中提出的研究代表了这一更广泛的研究计划。这些实验追求一个激进的假设，即至少在将注意力定向到与生物相关的信息领域中，流行的关于公开和隐性注意是正相关的理论可能是不正确的。相反，它们之间的关联可能是负相关的，例如，避免公开地看着某人的眼睛可能会被暗中关注这双眼睛联系在一起，并被抵消。从这个提议中特别产生的想法，以及我的总体研究计划，是注意力选择的原则是由它们运行的背景塑造的。这项研究旨在形成一个更完整的注意力理论，它涵盖了对显性和隐性注意力以及现实世界情况的复杂性的基础实验室研究。

Components of human selective attention******In our everyday lives we are presented with more information than we can possibly take in. For this reason we continually have to select what information we will act on, and what information we are going to discard and ignore. This selective process of attending to some information to the exclusion of other information is the focus of my research. ******Information can be selected in one of two ways. It can be overt, that is, in a manner that is visible to others, such as when one looks left and right before crossing the street; or the selection can be covert, such as when one eavesdrops on a conversation. Either form of orienting can be triggered in a volitional manner (endogenously) or automatically (exogenously). The focus of my research program is to understand how these different forms of orienting, and their control, interact. My studies occur in the natural world and in controlled laboratory settings.******The studies presented in this application are representative of this broader program of research. The experiments pursue the radical hypothesis that, at least in the realm of orienting attention to biologically relevant information, the prevailing theory that overt and covert attention are positively linked might be incorrect. Instead, their association might be negatively correlated, such that, for example, avoiding overtly looking at someone's eyes might be linked and offset by attending covertly to those eyes.******The idea emerging from this proposal in particular, and my program of research in general, is that the principles of attentional selection are molded by the context in which they operate. It is intended that a more complete theory of attention will result from this research, one that encompasses basic lab-based studies of overt and covert attention as well as the complexities of real world situations.**