Components of human selective attention

人类选择性注意的组成部分******在我们的日常生活中，我们面对的信息比我们可能接受的要多。出于这个原因，我们必须不断地选择我们将根据哪些信息采取行动，以及我们将丢弃和忽略哪些信息。这种关注某些信息而排斥其他信息的选择性过程是我研究的重点。******信息可以通过以下两种方式选择。它可以是公开的，也就是说，以一种别人看得见的方式，比如当一个人在过马路前左右张望；或者选择可以是隐蔽的，比如当一个人偷听谈话时。任何一种形式的定向都可以以一种意志的方式（内源性的）或自动的（外源性的）触发。我的研究项目的重点是了解这些不同形式的定向及其控制是如何相互作用的。我的研究是在自然界和受控的实验室环境中进行的。******本申请中提出的研究代表了这一更广泛的研究计划。这些实验追求一个激进的假设，即至少在将注意力定向到生物学相关信息的领域，认为显性和隐性注意力呈正相关的主流理论可能是不正确的。相反，它们之间的联系可能是负相关的，例如，避免公开地看别人的眼睛可能会被隐蔽地看别人的眼睛所抵消。******从这个建议中产生的想法，以及我的研究计划，是注意选择的原则是由它们运作的环境塑造的。这一研究旨在产生一个更完整的注意力理论，一个包括公开和隐蔽注意力的基本实验室研究以及现实世界情况的复杂性的理论

Components of human selective attention******In our everyday lives we are presented with more information than we can possibly take in. For this reason we continually have to select what information we will act on, and what information we are going to discard and ignore. This selective process of attending to some information to the exclusion of other information is the focus of my research. ******Information can be selected in one of two ways. It can be overt, that is, in a manner that is visible to others, such as when one looks left and right before crossing the street; or the selection can be covert, such as when one eavesdrops on a conversation. Either form of orienting can be triggered in a volitional manner (endogenously) or automatically (exogenously). The focus of my research program is to understand how these different forms of orienting, and their control, interact. My studies occur in the natural world and in controlled laboratory settings.******The studies presented in this application are representative of this broader program of research. The experiments pursue the radical hypothesis that, at least in the realm of orienting attention to biologically relevant information, the prevailing theory that overt and covert attention are positively linked might be incorrect. Instead, their association might be negatively correlated, such that, for example, avoiding overtly looking at someone's eyes might be linked and offset by attending covertly to those eyes.******The idea emerging from this proposal in particular, and my program of research in general, is that the principles of attentional selection are molded by the context in which they operate. It is intended that a more complete theory of attention will result from this research, one that encompasses basic lab-based studies of overt and covert attention as well as the complexities of real world situations.**