Components of human selective attention

人类选择性注意的组成部分

• 批准号: 170077-2011
• 负责人: Kingstone, Alan
• 金额: $ 8.01万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569541
• 关键词: Components; human; selective; attention

Components of human selective attention In our everyday lives we are presented with more information than we can possibly take in. For this reason we continually have to select - overtly (by moving our eyes) or covertly (no eye movements) - what information we will act on, and what information we are going to discard and ignore. This selective process of attending to some information to the exclusion of other information is the focus of my research. Three levels of research are outlined briefly as representative of the projects ongoing in my lab. Each level is concerned with the selection of biologically relevant information, in the present case, the eyes of other people (gaze selection), and how that selection process impacts where attention is committed next (gaze following). At each level of investigation the endogenous (volitional) and exogenous (automatic) components that contribute to gaze selection and gaze following are examined. At the first level, gaze selection and following are examined with natural static images (i.e., photos). At the second level, selection and following are investigated with dynamic images (i.e., videos). At the third level, the stimuli are real people. Brain and behavioural measures are obtained throughout. The idea emerging from the proposed work is that the principles of attentional selection are molded by the context in which they operate. The present proposal stands as a particularly strong example of this view. Specifically, there is a consistent preferential bias to select and follow the eyes of others, but the factors that impact the endogenous and exogenous control of attention change with the complexity of the situation.

人类选择性注意的组成部分 在我们的日常生活中，我们所获得的信息比我们所能接受的要多。 出于这个原因，我们必须不断地选择--公开地（通过移动眼睛）或隐蔽地（没有眼睛运动）--我们将对哪些信息采取行动，以及我们将丢弃和忽略哪些信息。这种专注于某些信息而排除其他信息的选择性过程是我研究的重点。 简要概述了三个层次的研究，作为我实验室正在进行的项目的代表。每个级别都关注生物相关信息的选择，在本例中，是其他人的眼睛（凝视选择），以及该选择过程如何影响接下来的注意力转移（凝视跟随）。 在每个层次的调查的内源性（意志）和外源性（自动）的组件，有助于凝视选择和凝视以下检查。在第一级，利用自然静态图像（即，照片）。在第二个层次，选择和跟随是用动态图像（即，视频）。在第三个层次，刺激是真实的人。 大脑和行为的措施，获得整个。 这项工作提出的观点是，注意力选择的原则是由它们所处的环境塑造的。本提案是这一观点的一个特别有力的例子。具体而言，注意的选择和追随存在一致的偏好偏向，但影响注意的内、外生控制的因素随着情境的复杂性而变化。