Components of human selective attention

人类选择性注意的组成部分 在我们的日常生活中，呈现给我们的信息比我们可能接受的要多。出于这个原因，我们不得不不断地选择--公开地(通过移动我们的眼睛)或秘密地(没有眼球运动)-我们将对哪些信息采取行动，以及我们将丢弃和忽略哪些信息。这种有选择地注意某些信息而忽略其他信息的过程是我研究的重点。 作为我实验室中正在进行的项目的代表，简要概述了三个层次的研究。每一级都涉及生物相关信息的选择，在本例中是其他人的眼睛(凝视选择)，以及这一选择过程如何影响下一步进行关注的地方(凝视跟随)。在每一层次的研究中，都会考察与凝视选择和凝视跟随有关的内源性(意志性)和外源性(自动)成分。在第一个水平，凝视选择和跟随是用自然的静态图像(即照片)来检查的。在第二个层次，通过动态图像(即视频)来研究选择和关注。在第三个层面，刺激物是真实的人。大脑和行为的测量贯穿始终。 从这项拟议的工作中产生的想法是，注意力选择的原则是由它们所在的背景塑造的。本提案是这一观点的一个特别有力的例子。具体地说，选择和跟随他人的目光存在一致的偏好偏向，但影响注意的内生和外生控制的因素会随着情境的复杂程度而变化。

Components of human selective attention In our everyday lives we are presented with more information than we can possibly take in. For this reason we continually have to select - overtly (by moving our eyes) or covertly (no eye movements) - what information we will act on, and what information we are going to discard and ignore. This selective process of attending to some information to the exclusion of other information is the focus of my research. Three levels of research are outlined briefly as representative of the projects ongoing in my lab. Each level is concerned with the selection of biologically relevant information, in the present case, the eyes of other people (gaze selection), and how that selection process impacts where attention is committed next (gaze following). At each level of investigation the endogenous (volitional) and exogenous (automatic) components that contribute to gaze selection and gaze following are examined. At the first level, gaze selection and following are examined with natural static images (i.e., photos). At the second level, selection and following are investigated with dynamic images (i.e., videos). At the third level, the stimuli are real people. Brain and behavioural measures are obtained throughout. The idea emerging from the proposed work is that the principles of attentional selection are molded by the context in which they operate. The present proposal stands as a particularly strong example of this view. Specifically, there is a consistent preferential bias to select and follow the eyes of others, but the factors that impact the endogenous and exogenous control of attention change with the complexity of the situation.