Components of human selective attention

人类选择性注意的组成部分 在我们的日常生活中，我们所获得的信息比我们所能接受的要多。出于这个原因，我们必须不断地选择我们将对哪些信息采取行动，以及我们将丢弃和忽略哪些信息。这种专注于某些信息而排除其他信息的选择性过程是我研究的重点。 可以通过两种方式之一选择信息。它可以是明显的，也就是说，以一种对其他人可见的方式，例如当一个人在过马路之前向左看和向右看时;或者选择可以是隐蔽的，例如当一个人偷听谈话时。任何一种定向形式都可以以意志的方式（内源性）或自动（外源性）触发。我的研究项目的重点是了解这些不同形式的定向，以及它们的控制，如何相互作用。我的研究发生在自然世界和受控实验室环境中。 本申请中提出的研究代表了这一更广泛的研究计划。实验追求的是一个激进的假设，至少在将注意力导向生物相关信息的领域，显性注意力和隐性注意力正相关的流行理论可能是不正确的。相反，它们的关联可能是负相关的，例如，避免公开地看某人的眼睛可能会被秘密地注意那些眼睛所联系和抵消。 从这个建议中产生的想法，以及我的研究计划，是注意力选择的原则是由它们运作的环境塑造的。本研究的目的是要建立一个更完整的注意力理论，这个理论包括基于实验室的关于外显注意力和内隐注意力的基础研究，以及真实的世界情境的复杂性。

Components of human selective attention In our everyday lives we are presented with more information than we can possibly take in. For this reason we continually have to select what information we will act on, and what information we are going to discard and ignore. This selective process of attending to some information to the exclusion of other information is the focus of my research. Information can be selected in one of two ways. It can be overt, that is, in a manner that is visible to others, such as when one looks left and right before crossing the street; or the selection can be covert, such as when one eavesdrops on a conversation. Either form of orienting can be triggered in a volitional manner (endogenously) or automatically (exogenously). The focus of my research program is to understand how these different forms of orienting, and their control, interact. My studies occur in the natural world and in controlled laboratory settings. The studies presented in this application are representative of this broader program of research. The experiments pursue the radical hypothesis that, at least in the realm of orienting attention to biologically relevant information, the prevailing theory that overt and covert attention are positively linked might be incorrect. Instead, their association might be negatively correlated, such that, for example, avoiding overtly looking at someone's eyes might be linked and offset by attending covertly to those eyes. The idea emerging from this proposal in particular, and my program of research in general, is that the principles of attentional selection are molded by the context in which they operate. It is intended that a more complete theory of attention will result from this research, one that encompasses basic lab-based studies of overt and covert attention as well as the complexities of real world situations.