Synoptic Studies of Convective Systems, Frontogenesis, and Baroclinic Development

桑德斯教授将通过对观测结果的分析，在三个领域进行天气学研究。首先是发展有组织的深积雨云系统，这种系统会产生从暴雨到龙卷风等许多危险和破坏性的现象。桑德斯教授将研究它们在美国境内和附近形成的地点、时间和原因，使用现有的每小时地图，持续两到三年的持续强烈雷达回波，并使用美国中部的一组特殊探测数据和其他特定案例的数据。第二是锋面系统的发展，既在地表附近，也在对流层较高层。桑德斯教授将研究一种倾斜的卷曲环流，这种环流通常是作为锋面形成过程的一部分发展起来的，是造成强降雨线的原因，也是饱和空气和非常干燥的空气的垂直层之间交替出现降水稀少的原因。三是对近地表气旋风暴发展的进一步研究。最初的高空形成和后来对低层事件的影响都将被研究。

Professor Sanders will conduct synoptic research in three areas through analysis of observations. The first is the development of organized systems of deep cumulonimbus clouds, which produce many dangerous and damaging phenomena ranging from heavy rain to tornadoes. Professor Sanders will study where, when, and why they form, in and near the United States, using existing hourly maps over two to three years of persistent intense radar echoes, and using a special set of sounding and other data in the central United States for a particular case. The second is the development of frontal systems, both near the surface and in the higher tropospheric levels. Professor Sanders will look at a form of sloping roll circulation that often develops as part of the process of frontal formation and is responsible for lines of heavy rainfall with little precipitation between and for alternating vertical layers of saturated and very dry air. The third is a further study of the development of cyclonic storms near the surface. Both the initial formation aloft and the later influence on events at low levels will be examined.