REU: Effects of Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Plant-Insect Interactions

全球大气中的二氧化碳水平正在上升，目前 到世纪后半叶，这一水平可能会翻一番。 众所周知，二氧化碳浓度升高会改变植物的生理和生长， 很少有研究涉及到高血压的后果。 CO2对植物的生态相互作用。 几 研究表明，二氧化碳对 草本植物和昆虫之间的相互作用， 已知二氧化碳对树木之间相互作用的影响， 食树昆虫 本研究的目的是 研究富二氧化碳大气对 落叶树和食树昆虫之间的相互作用， 通过树木化学成分的变化来调节。 模型 系统将包括震颤白杨，红橡木和枫树（快速， 中间-生长缓慢的物种，分别）和两个叶- 以昆虫为食的舞毒蛾和森林毛虫。 资源可用性理论被用作一个框架， 三个主要目标和相关假设的发展。 本研究的三个目标是：1）确定 CO2浓度升高对树木化学成分的影响， 对性能的影响（生存、生长、食物使用 2）研究昆虫的交互作用 CO2浓度升高和土壤养分有效性对树木化学 组成和昆虫性能，以及3）确定 CO2浓度升高与落叶交互作用对树木影响 化学成分和昆虫性能。 树木将被种植 在环境控制中的几种CO2浓度下 房间在威斯康星州Biotron大学，并受到 化学测定和生物测定。 其重要特征是 研究重点包括二氧化碳介导的对 森林树木和它们的食叶昆虫之间的相互作用， 强调CO2对植物化学成分的影响， 强调CO2与环境之间的相互作用， 环境“压力”对植物-昆虫相互作用的影响， 三种树种和两种昆虫， 北美落叶植物的重要组成部分 森林

Global atmospheric CO2 levels are rising, and current levels may double by the latter half of the 21st century. Elevated CO2 is known to alter plant physiology and growth, but very little research has addressed the consequences of elevated CO2 for the ecological interactions of plants. A couple of studies have documented significant effects of CO2 on interactions between herbaceous plants and insects, but nothing is known about effects of CO2 on interactions between trees and tree-feeding insects. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of enriched CO2 atmospheres on interactions between deciduous trees and tree-feeding insects, as mediated by changes in tree chemical composition. The model system will consist of quaking aspen, red oak and maple (fast-, intermediate- slow-growing species, respectively) and two leaf- feeding insects, the gypsy moth and forest tent caterpillar. Resource availability theory is used as a framework for development of three primary goals and associated hypotheses. The three goals of this research are to: 1) determine the effects of elevated CO2 on tree chemical composition, and consequences for performance (survival, growth, food use efficiencies) of insects, 2) investigate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and soil nutrient availability on tree chemical composition and insect performance, and 3) determine the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and defoliation on tree chemical composition and insect performance. Trees will be grown under several concentrations of CO2 in environmental control rooms at the University of Wisconsin Biotron, and subjected to chemical assays and bioassays. Significant features of this research include its focus on CO2-mediated effects on interactions between forest trees and their defoliators, an emphasis on effects of CO2 on plant chemical composition, an emphasis on interactive effects between CO2 and their environmental "stresses" on plant-insect interactions, and use of three tree species and two insect species that are ecologically and economically important components of North American deciduous forest.