Dynamics of Memory Judgments

9319265欣茨曼这个项目将研究如何从人类记忆中检索信息；它将重点放在检索关于记忆中单个项目的不同类型信息的详细时间过程。这些实验将要求人们对测试项目(单词或图片)做出两分法的决定；该方法将操纵被试者在被要求做出反应之前被允许的时间量。通过改变这一时间量，有可能确定在提取情节中个体决策准确率高于概率的最早时间点(拦截)。以前的研究表明，不同类型的信息可能具有不同的截获时间，范围在300-550毫秒之间。这些实验将探索对一系列基于记忆的判断的截取，包括对一般信息(实验开始前获得的知识)和情节信息(在实验环境中获得)的判断。他们还将检查对重复、新近和相似等基本实验变量截获的影响。这项研究将包括开发计算机模拟模型，以帮助解释结果。这些发现将有助于形成记忆系统、记忆表征、提取和基于记忆的决策的理论，从而有助于我们更广泛地理解记忆在认知中的作用。从长远来看，这项工作应该有助于在教育和培训、脑损伤和健忘以及人类判断和决策中的偏见等领域的应用。***

9319265 HINTZMAN This project will study how information is retrieved from human memory; it will focus on the detailed time course of retrieval of different kinds of information about single items in memory. The experiments will require people to make a dichotomous decision about a test item (a word or picture); the method will manipulate the amount of time the person is allowed before being required to make a response. By varying that amount of time, it is possible to determine the earliest point in the retrieval episode at which an individual's decision accuracy rises above chance (the intercept). Previous research has suggested that different kinds of information may be characterized by different intercepts, in the range of 300-550 ms. These experiments will explore intercepts for a range of memory-based judgments, including judgments of generic information (knowledge acquired before the experiment began) and episodic information (acquired in the experimental context). They will also examine effects on intercepts of such fundamental experimental variables as repetition, recency, and similarity. The research will include the development of computer simulation models, as an aid in interpreting the results. The findings will help shape theories of memory systems, memory representation, retrieval, and memory-based decision making, and thereby contribute more generally to our understanding of the role of memory in cognition. The work should contribute in the long run to applications in such areas as education and training, brain damage and amnesia, and biases in human judgment and decision making. ***