Social Identity and Self Concept

9514398布鲁尔社会身份是个人自我的那些方面 这一概念源于他或她的成员资格， 情感上重要的社会群体 最优 独特性理论是自我分类理论的延伸，由PI发展，以解释 为什么个人寻求社会群体的认同， 解释社会身份在实现和 保持稳定的自我概念。 其理论依据是 独特性本身是一个因素， 在社会身份的选择和力量的基础上， 独立于与以下方面相关的积极评价 在特定的社会类别中。 拟 社会身份被选择和激活， 在某种程度上，他们帮助个人实现平衡 在包容感和 在特定的社会背景下。 的目的 拟议的研究计划是探索 最佳独特性理论的含义 个人层面的心理过程。 九套 的实验提出，旨在测试 寻求和维持最优群体的后果 识别（a）自我评价，（B）自我 定型观念和自我概念的内容，（c） 向他人展示自我，以及（d）保护 通过与外群的分化来实现内群认同。 这些实验将共同检验 关于社会动机的基本假设 最佳独特性理论的基础。 这个研究项目的目的是调查 群体成员资格对形成的影响， 维持和改变一个人的自我概念和感觉 自我价值 它的设计是为了验证一个理论， 对归属感的对立需求（与他人的相似性）， 独特性（区别于其他）形状 个人身份和对自己和他人的态度 社会团体 一个适应性的自我概念同时满足了 需要同时。 不符合任何一项， 自我概念的焦虑和不稳定 （不平衡）。 提出了一系列的实验， 旨在评估这种不平衡对 个人自尊和对他人的偏见 社会群体。 ***

9514398 Brewer Social identities are those aspects of an individual's self concept that derive from his or her membership in emotionally significant social groups. Optimal distinctiveness theory is an extension of self- categorization theory, developed by the PI to account for why individuals seek identification with social groups and to explain the role of social identities in achieving and maintaining a stable self-concept. The theory is based on the thesis that distinctiveness per se is a factor underlying the selection and strength of social identities, independent of the positive evaluation associated with membership in particular social categories. It is proposed that social identities are selected and activated to the extent that they help the individual to achieve a balance between feelings of inclusion and feelings of distinctiveness in a given social context. The purpose of the proposed program of research is to explore the implications of optimal distinctiveness theory for psychological processes at the individual level. Nine sets of experiments are proposed that are designed to test the consequences of seeking and maintaining optimal group identification for (a) self evaluation, (b) self stereotyping and the content of the self concept, (c) presentation of the self to others, and (d) protection of ingroup identity through differentiation from outgroups. Together these experiments will serve to test the validity of the fundamental assumptions about social motivation underlying optimal distinctiveness theory. %%% The purpose of this program of research is to investigate the consequences of group membership for the formation, maintenance, and change of a person's self-concept and sense of self-worth. It is designed to test the theory that opposing needs for belonging (similarity to others) and distinctiveness (differentiation from others) shape individual identity and attitudes toward their own and other socia l groups. An adaptive self-concept satisfies both needs simultaneously. Failure to meet either produces anxiety and instability of the self-concept (disequilibrium). A series of experiments is proposed, designed to assess the effects of such disequilibrium on individual self-esteem and prejudice toward members of other social groups. ***