Dissertation: Style and Culture Contact in the Southern Highlands of Peru

在Katharina Schreiber博士的指导下，Melissa Chatfield女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将继续在秘鲁高原进行田野调查，并在阿克纳帕马遗址进行考古调查。由于它受到一个深河峡谷的保护，它避免了该地区常见的抢劫。发掘将有助于阐明具有特定地区文化特征的建筑形式，并获得大量年代良好的陶瓷样本进行详细分析。根据迄今的工作，似乎存在五种按大小和形状区分的结构，将挖掘每一种结构的代表以确定其功能。实验室分析将重点放在陶瓷上，材料最初将被归类为装饰性类别。随后将对浆糊和回火特性进行简单量化。Aqnapama的年代可以追溯到中期晚期，大约公元900-1476年，当时高地秘鲁由两个大帝国统治：以库斯科为中心的瓦里和更南边的玻利维亚首都提瓦纳库。考古学家希望了解这些实体是如何运作的，以及两者之间的关系。在多大程度上，这些直接控制边远地区、在两国边界上进行敌对或竞争关系的真正的“国家”？尽管两者之间的分界线相当清楚，但阿克纳帕马是不寻常的，因为它似乎结合了两者的元素。通过分析进口到现场的陶器和当地生产的陶器，查特菲尔德女士将评估一系列假设的互动模式。由于该地区的当地居民很可能在瓦里或提瓦纳库的到来之前就有一种传统，查特菲尔德女士希望确定它们与这两个实体之间的关系，以及它们在多大程度上能够保持一定程度的地方自治。通过对陶瓷材料的仔细分析，她将对这些问题有深入的了解。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供许多南美考古学家感兴趣的数据。它将为了解国家是如何产生并保持其完整性提供新的线索，并将有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Katharina Schreiber, MS Melissa Chatfield will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will continue fieldwork in highland Peru and conduct archaeological investigation at the site of Aqnapama. Because it is protected by a deep river gorge, it has escaped looting which is common in the region. Excavation will serve both to elucidate architectural forms, which characterize specific regional cultures and to obtain large well dated ceramic samples for detailed analysis. Based on work to date, it appears that five types of structures, distinguished by size and shape are present and a representative of each will be excavated in order to determine function. Laboratory analysis will focus on ceramics and materials will initially be classified into decorative groupings. This will be followed by a simple quantification of paste and temper characteristics. A representative sample will then be set aside for subsequent detailed petrographic analysis.Aqnapama dates to the Late Intermediate Period, ca. 900-1476 AD, a time when highland Peru was dominated by two large empires: Wari centered around Cuzco and Tiwanaku with a capital further South in Bolivia. Archaeologists wish to understand how each of these entities functioned and the relationship between the two. To what extent were these true "states" which exercised a direct control over outlying regions and which, at their mutual border engaged in hostile or competitive relationships? Although the area of demarcation between the two is fairly clear, Aqnapama is unusual because it appears to combine elements of both. Through analysis of pottery imported to the site as well as that locally produced, MS Chatfield will evaluate a series of hypothesized modes of interaction. Since it is likely that local inhabitants of the region had a tradition which predated the arrival of either Wari or Tiwanaku influences MS Chatfield wishes to determine how they related to both entities and the extent to which they were able to maintain a degree of local autonomy. Through a careful analysis of ceramic materials she will gain insight into these issues.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many South Americanist archaeologists. It will shed new light into how states arise and maintain their integrity and it will contribute to the development of a promising young scientist.