Dissertation: Technological Style, Exchange, and the Organizational Scale of Pueblo IV Zuni Society

在Keith Kintigh博士的指导下，Deborah Huntley女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将使用化学和文体技术分析位于新墨西哥州中西部的史前祖尼遗址的一系列陶瓷。从公元1250年到公元1400年，至少有28座大型村落被建造、占领和废弃。这些大型建筑有多达400个房间，经过防御，不受外部攻击，其大小足以作为独立的社区发挥作用。它们之间的距离通常在5-10公里内。对彼此的信任。虽然发掘提供了对个人普韦布洛功能的洞察，但考古学家并不了解这些显然具有广泛文化特征的社区是如何相互作用的，以及这些社区在多大程度上形成了一个完整的功能系统。模式多种多样，从假设的社区自治，到联盟，再到仪式互补。为了研究这个问题，亨特利女士将研究在一系列同时代遗址出土的陶瓷，并对从其中提取粘土的局部沉积物进行类似的化学分析。她将使用电子探针分析、电感耦合等离子体质谱和仪器中子活化分析来表征粘土和陶器釉，以重建祖尼制造和交换系统。结合风格分析，她将能够确定个别陶瓷在哪里制造，是否存在独特的当地风格，以及成品器皿在Pueblos之间移动的程度和方向。这些数据不仅提供了对相互作用的总体数量的洞察，也提供了对不同村民之间存在联盟的程度的洞察。人类学家认为史前祖尼人代表着一个以定居的村庄农业和当地集中的社会组织形式为基础的“中等社会”。这种实体在史前晚期广泛存在，在许多地区幸存到历史时期，最初为文明的出现奠定了基础。由于它们的广泛存在和重要性，了解它们是如何发挥作用的很重要，亨特利女士的研究将有助于这一过程。这项工作将揭示美国史前的一个重要时期，并有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Keith Kintigh, MS Deborah Huntley will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. Using both chemical and stylistic techniques she will analyze a series of ceramics from prehistoric Zuni sites located in west central New Mexico. Between 1250 and 1400 AD at least 28 large pueblos were built, occupied and abandoned. These large structures contained up to 400 rooms, were defended from external attack and were of sufficient size to function as independent communities. They were often spaced within 5 - 10 km. of each other. While excavation has provided insight into individual pueblo function, archaeologists do not understand how these communities, which clearly share a wide range of cultural traits, interacted with each other and to what extent the formed an integrated functioning system. Models vary from hypothesized community autonomy, through alliance to ritual complementarily. To examine this question MS Huntley will study ceramics excavated at a series of contemporaneous sites and also conduct similar chemical analyses on localized deposits from which clay was extracted. She will use electron microprobe analysis, Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis to characterize both clay and pottery glaze to reconstruct the Zuni manufacturing and exchange system. Combined with a stylistic analysis she will be able to determine where individual ceramics were made, whether unique local styles exist and the degree and direction finished vessels moved between pueblos. These data will provide insight not only into the overall amount of interaction but the extent to which alliances among different pueblos existed.Anthropologists consider the prehistoric Zuni to represent a "Middle Range Society", defined on the basis of settled village agriculture and a local centralized form of social organization. Such entities were widespread during late prehistoric times, in many areas survived into the historic period and originally set the stage for the emergence of civilization. Because of their widespread occurrence and significance, it is important to understand how they functioned and MS Huntley's research will contribute to this process. This work will shed light on an important period of U.S. prehistory and assist in training a promising young scientist.