Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Inca Administration of the Peruvian North Coast. A View from Cerro Colorado.

在本论文项目中，赞尼·桑多瓦尔女士将研究征服本土奇穆国（Chimor）后，印加控制秘鲁北海岸的性质和强度。公元1462 - 1470年。 奇莫尔是对抗印加在安第斯山脉统治的最大、最强大的政体。 在中晚期（公元1000 - 1476年），它控制了整个北海岸和部分中部海岸。 它的继承者，印加帝国，在其鼎盛时期横跨南美洲西部4000多公里，包括从北部的厄瓜多尔到南部的智利的领土。 印加人采取灵活的策略来统治他们征服的广泛社会。 这些战略的控制形式从强到松，取决于当地的社会和政治条件以及帝国的目标。在这一连续体的一端，直接统治具有高度的侵入性，需要在行政管理、安全和物质基础设施方面进行大量投资。 在另一端，间接统治倾向于松散的控制形式，这是一种成本较低的选择。 桑多瓦尔的研究将解决两个问题：印加人在多大程度上破坏了当地奇穆人的行政基础设施？ 还有，印加对奇摩的统治是帝国内部直接或间接统治的例子吗？ 考古学家传统上认为，印加人对奇莫尔的统治是国家控制薄弱的一个典型例子，这是基于书面记录--即16世纪西班牙殖民地编年史以及法律和行政记录--以及对北海岸景观的表面检查，这几乎没有发现印加帝国主义的传统标志。 在查尔斯·斯坦尼什博士的监督下，桑多瓦尔女士将通过评估当地宴会和公共建筑的潜在变化来直接测试直接与间接控制的竞争模式-公共建筑是安第斯山脉政治权威的传统象征-在印加征服之后。 她将通过在下杰克特佩克山谷的塞罗科罗拉多遗址进行考古发掘来收集这些数据。 该遗址位于战略位置，相对于Jequetepeque山谷的主要史前领域和运河系统，并通过沿海的印加道路连接到已知的中心与印加组件。 这项研究将为秘鲁北部海岸史前史中一个鲜为人知的时期提供见解。 印加帝国是世界历史上最大、最复杂的前工业化国家之一。 这项工作的数据将提高目前的知识印加帝国的战略在太平洋沿岸，并作为一个案例研究比较人类学分析。 研究结果将通过在秘鲁和美国学术期刊上发表、在专业会议上介绍以及为当地居民举办西班牙语讲座的方式提供。 这项研究还将为秘鲁和美国考古学学生提供培训。

In this dissertation project, Ms. Zannie Sandoval will examine the nature and intensity of Inca control of the Peruvian north coast following the conquest of the native Chimu state (Chimor) ca. A.D. 1462 - 1470. Chimor was the largest and most powerful polity to contest Inca domination in the Andes. During the Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1000 - 1476), it controlled all of the north coast and portions of the central coast. Its successor, the Inca empire, spanned over 4000 km of western South America at its height, encompassing territories from Ecuador in the north to Chile in the south. The Incas adopted flexible strategies to rule over the wide range of societies they conquered. These strategies ranged from strong to loose forms of control, depending on local social and political conditions and the goals of the empire. At one end of the continuum, direct rule was highly intrusive, and demanded heavy investment in administration, security, and physical infrastructure. At the other end indirect rule favored loose forms of control, a less costly alternative. Ms. Sandoval's research will address two questions: To what extent did the Incas disrupt the local Chimu administrative infrastructure? And, is the Inca domination of Chimor an example of direct or indirect rule within the Empire? Archaeologists have traditionally regarded the Inca domination of Chimor as a prime example of weak state control, based on written accounts - namely, sixteenth-century Spanish Colonial chronicles and legal and administrative records - and on surface-level examination of the north coast landscape, which has yielded few traditional markers of Inca imperialism. Under the supervision of Dr. Charles Stanish, Ms. Sandoval will directly test competing models of direct vs. indirect control by assessing potential changes in the local feasting assemblage and in public architecture - traditional symbols of political authority in the Andes - in the aftermath of the Inca conquest. She will collect these data through archaeological excavations at the site of Cerro Colorado in the lower Jequetepeque Valley. The site is strategically located relative to the major prehistoric field and canal systems of the Jequetepeque Valley, and connected to known centers with Inca components via the coastal Inca road. This research will provide insights into a poorly understood period in north coast Peruvian prehistory. The Inca empire ranks as one of the largest and most complex pre-industrial polities in world history. The data from this work will enhance current knowledge on Inca imperial strategies on the Pacific coast and serve as a case study for comparative anthropological analysis. Research findings will be accessible through publication in Peruvian and American academic journals, presentations in professional meetings, and lectures in Spanish for local residents. This research will also provide training to Peruvian and American archaeology students.