Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Urbanism and Social Organization at the Late Moche Period Site of Pampa Grande, Peru

在查尔斯·斯坦尼什博士的指导下，伊拉娜·约翰逊将在位于秘鲁兰巴耶克山谷的Pampa Grande Moche网站为她的博士论文收集数据。Pampa Grande遗址占地4平方公里，是密集的城市聚居地，在莫切晚期(公元600-800)的鼎盛时期曾是数万居民的家园。Pampa Grande以其大型公民仪式中心而闻名，其中包括华卡福塔莱扎(Huaca Fortaleza)，这是一座高耸的泥砖金字塔，用于仪式和当地统治精英的管理。对该项目的调查将在该遗址南部山墙的国内部分进行，据信那里居住着大多数下层阶级。这项研究将评估城市化的发展和相关的社会组织变化，因为来自周围山谷的人聚集并融合到一个迅速殖民的中心。城市研究表明，在城市的背景下，家庭不再是自治的。随着不相关的人走到一起，形成新的社会社区，基于社会经济地位、职业和种族的新的社会组织形式也在发展。伊拉娜·约翰逊(Ilana Johnson)早些时候的一项调查显示，南部山墙有三个明显不同的住宅区。也许最有趣的是公寓般的大院的存在，这表明了家庭层面以外的新类型的社会组织。这三个国内地区将通过区域挖掘进行抽样和比较，以检验关于随着城市化发展而发生的社会变化的假设。将在公寓楼内的几个房间内进行挖掘，以了解个别住宅的布局，以及整个建筑群。我们将详细探讨三个假设。首先，研究将探索社区是根据职业还是社会经济地位来组织的。其次，公寓楼内的挖掘将考察在城市化的背景下，家庭是否保持自治。最后，将对国内文物进行分析，以确定外国文物是否代表种族差异或商业联系。由此产生的数据将揭示史前时期潘帕格兰德下层居民发展的社区类型。拟议中的研究将对潘帕格兰德当地社区、对莫切史前的理解以及更广泛的人类学理论做出贡献。公众宣传将以讲座、课堂访问和向当地遗址博物馆捐赠时间和金钱的形式进行。这个项目的学术价值将是提供有关国家社会快速城市化的数据。调查中获得的数据将有助于揭示在一个密集城市化的城市中，随着新的自然、社会和文化环境而发展起来的社会联系和阶层结构。更广泛的影响是来自世界各地的人类学对此类行为的理解。这些数据将对与其他地理区域的主要城市中心进行跨文化比较很有价值。随着未来两代全球人口接近100亿，这样的研究对于确定人们在不同文化背景下使用的策略和适应方式将是无价的。

Under the direction of Dr. Charles Stanish, Ilana Johnson will collect data for her doctoral dissertation at the Moche site of Pampa Grande, located in the Lambayeque Valley, Peru. The site of Pampa Grande is four square kilometers of dense urban settlement and was home to tens of thousands of inhabitants at its height during the Late Moche Period (AD 600-800). Pampa Grande is most well known for its large civic-ceremonial center which includes the Huaca Fortaleza, a towering mud-brick pyramid used for rituals and administration by the site's ruling elites. Investigations for this project will be carried out in the domestic sector of the Southern Pediment of the site, believed to have housed the lower class majority. This research will assess the development of urbanism and the associated changes in social organization that occurred as people from the surrounding valley aggregated and amalgamated into a rapidly colonized center. Urban research has shown that the family is no longer autonomous in the context of the city. New forms of social organization based on socio-economic status, occupation, and ethnicity develop as unrelated people come together and form new social communities. An earlier survey by Ilana Johnson has revealed three markedly different residential areas in the Southern Pediment. Perhaps most interesting is the presence of apartment-like compounds suggesting new types of social organization beyond the household level. These three domestic areas will be sampled and compared through area excavations in order to test hypotheses regarding the social changes that occur with the development of urbanism. Excavations will be carried out within several rooms inside the apartment compounds in order to understand the layout of individual domiciles, as well as the compound as a whole. Three hypotheses will be explored in detail. First, research will explore if neighborhoods were organized by occupation or socio-economic status. Second, excavations within apartment compounds will examine if the household remained autonomous in the context of urbanism. And finally, domestic artifacts will be analyzed to determine if foreign objects represent ethnic differences or merchant ties. The resulting data will shed light onto the types of communities developed among the lower class inhabitants of Pampa Grande in prehistory. The proposed research will make contributions to the local community of Pampa Grande, to the understanding of Moche prehistory, as well as to broader anthropological theory. Public outreach will be conducted in the form of lectures, classroom visits, and donations of time and money to the local site museum. The intellectual merit of this project will be to provide data on rapid urbanism in state societies. The data recovered during investigations will shed light onto the social affiliations and stratifications that developed in response to the new physical, social, and cultural surroundings of a densely urbanized city. The broader impact is an anthropological understanding of such behavior from around the world. These data will be valuable for cross-cultural comparisons with primary urban centers in other geographic areas. As the population of the globe approaches ten billion in the next two generations, such research will be invaluable for defining strategies and adaptations employed by people in a number of different cultural contexts.