Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant- Negotiating Power in the Wari Empire

罗宾·科尔曼在蒂莫西·厄尔博士的指导下，将比较安第斯山脉由前印加帝国统治的瓦里统治的两个地区的殖民动态。在印加帝国崛起和扩张的一千年前，瓦里人从大约公元550年到1050年统治着北部的科迪勒拉。像印加人一样，瓦里人在首都北部和南部安第斯山脉建立了一系列绵延数千公里的殖民地，连接了广泛的生态区和同样多样化的人口。科尔曼的调查和对瓦里殖民两个地区的国内挖掘将有助于确定帝国如何为不同的地区量身定做政治战略，并管理如此广泛的人、地点和政治。与此同时，她的研究将突出被征服的人口如何影响帝国不同地区的政治权力发展。这种对帝国及其政治战略的考古研究为政治和社会变化提供了独特的长期视角，而当代研究往往无法实现这一点。到目前为止，莫克瓜山谷和丘基班巴山谷的研究主要集中在确定帝国扩张上。这个项目将在这些调查的基础上，研究地方因素，如自然资源或土著政治，如何创造出不同的帝国控制表现形式。尽管帝国在政治上是统一的，但政治统治、社会传统和人际关系的地区差异往往比比皆是。重要的是要找出这些差异，以理解帝国如何在内部多样性的情况下保持凝聚力。该项目的调查部分确定了WARI对殖民基础设施的投资程度，在景观上可以看到修建的道路、农业梯田或运河系统。确定经济资源(矿藏、黑玉岩来源或多产的农地)、神圣的地点(山脉、泉水)或一个地区靠近军事威胁(边境地区或靠近敌对领土)也将突出该地区潜在的帝国吸引力。定义帝国在一个地区的投资规模，将为帝国在该地区的控制提供一个代理；家庭挖掘提供了一个更精细的分析尺度，以了解个人如何与这些更广泛的政治和经济进程相联系。帝国的控制机制，以及个人家庭的政治战略，将出现在共同的、有价值的或外来资源的生产、分配和消费的不同模式中。通过观察家庭和殖民地居民的日常生活，我们可以勾勒出塑造帝国不同地区政治特征的当地因素和条件，并了解个人如何为帝国的建设做出贡献。在地方层面，该项目将继续执行莫克瓜的康蒂苏约博物馆和阿雷基帕考古研究中心的任务，调查16世纪西班牙征服后基本上被抹去的安第斯居民的史前历史，并向公众提供这些信息。这项研究的一部分将包括编写一份双语的西班牙语-英语出版物，以通俗易懂的语言介绍这项研究。此外，合作调查员还将参加她所在机构提供的公共外联机会。以社区为中心的实地工作在后勤上促进了考古项目；然而，更重要的是，它纳入了对当地传统有密切了解的个人的观点和反馈，并让他们在重建历史方面有发言权。

Robin Coleman, under the supervision of Dr. Timothy Earle, will compare the colonial dynamics of two regions in the Andes ruled by the pre-Inka imperial power, the Wari. One thousand years prior to the rise and expansion of the Inka Empire, the Wari ruled the northern Cordillera from about A.D. 550 to 1050. Like the Inka, the Wari established a series of colonies that stretched thousands of kilometers both North and South of its capital in the central Andes, which bridged a broad range of ecological zones and an equally diverse populace. Coleman's survey and domestic excavations in two regions of Wari colonization will help identify how empires tailor political strategies to different regions and manage such a broad spectrum of people, places, and politics. At the same time, her research will highlight how conquered populations affect the development of political power in different areas of an empire. This archaeological research on empires and their political strategies provides the unique long-term perspective of political and social change that contemporary studies often cannot achieve. Up to this point, research in both the Moquegua and Chuquibamba valleys has focused largely on identifying imperial expansion. This project will build on these investigations to study how local factors, such as natural resources or indigenous politics, create distinct manifestations of imperial control. Even though empires are unified politically, regional variations in political rule, social traditions, and interpersonal relationships, often abound. It is important to identify these differences to understand how empires can maintain cohesion despite such internal diversity. The survey component of this project identifies the degree of Wari investment in colonial infrastructure, visible on the landscape as constructed roads, agricultural terraces, or canal systems. Identifying economic resources (mineral deposits, obsidian sources, or productive agricultural lands), sacred locales (mountains, springs), or a region's proximity to a military threat (borderlands or near hostile territories) will also highlight potential imperial draws to the area. Defining the scale of imperial investment in an area will provide a proxy for imperial control in the region; household excavations provide a finer scale of analysis to understand how individuals articulate with these broader political and economic processes. Imperial mechanisms of control, as well as individual household political strategies, will appear in varied patterns of production, distribution, and consumption of common, valued, or exotic resources. By looking at households and the daily lives of colonial inhabitants, we can outline the local factors and conditions that shape the political character of different regions in an empire, as well as understand how individuals contribute to its construction.At a local level, this project will continue the missions of the Contisuyo Museum of Moquegua and the Center for Archaeological Research of Arequipa, to investigate the prehistories of Andean populations that were largely erased with the Spanish Conquest in the 16th century and to make this information accessible to the public. Part of this research will consist of compiling a bilingual, Spanish-English publication that presents the research in accessible language. In addition, the co-investigator will participate in the public outreach opportunities offered by her host institutions. A community-focused field effort logistically facilitates an archaeological project; more important, however, it incorporates the perspectives and feedback of individuals who have an intimate understanding of the local traditions and gives them a voice in reconstructing their histories.