Collaborative Research: Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START) Experiment (2008)

这项名为“平流层-对流层区域输送分析”(START08)的合作野外试验将研究热带外上对流层和下平流层(ExUTLS)区域的化学和输送特征。这项实验将在2008年春季期间进行，利用NSF/NCAR高性能机载环境研究平台(HIAPER)，该平台具有进行研究所需的射程、耐力和高度上限。该实验的目的是利用现场化学、微物理和动力学测量、卫星数据和模式来更好地了解控制ExUTLS化学成分和微物理的多尺度动力学过程。特别是，调查的重点将是温带对流层顶作为输送边界的行为，以及主要的化学输送途径和相关的动力学过程。这些过程包括Rossby波的破裂、天气尺度波的消长、对流层顶褶皱和暖输送带、锋面系统的发展、重力波的启动和破裂以及深对流。此外，这些过程控制着ExUTLS冰云层的形成和演化。这项实地研究将使用示踪剂-示踪剂相关性作为UTLS区域内运输的诊断工具。实验结果将包括一组UT和LS之间的化学转变的诊断，对热带外过渡层中气团寿命的估计，以及对UT和LS耦合的主要输送过程的示踪表征，这些过程决定了UTLS的结构和化学成分。一小套微物理探测器将量化UT/LS中的冰质量和云的水分含量。与以前的一些研究相比，START08的测量能力和平台得到了增强，将更深入地了解目标动态过程影响下示踪剂的行为及其关系，并为建立测试模型的理论框架扩展数据库。该项目在很大程度上支持社区研究能力的发展。START08将为研究生和博士后科学家提供仪器/分析大气化学以及与建模人员和其他科学团队成员合作进行的数据分析方面的培训。START08项目的研究将用于加强目前的大气科学研究生教育课程。还计划开展更多的教育宣传活动，包括与正在进行的项目(例如，国家海洋科学碗项目和影响项目)的互动。

The collaborative field experiment, Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START08), will study the chemical and transport characteristics of the extratropical upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric (ExUTLS) region. The experiment, which will take place during the Spring 2008 time period, utilizes the NSF/NCAR High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) which has the range, endurance, and altitude ceiling necessary to conduct the research. The objective of the experiment is to use in situ chemical, microphysical, and dynamical measurements, satellite data, and models to better understand the multi-scale dynamical processes that control the chemical composition and microphysics of the ExUTLS. In particular, the investigation will focus on the behavior of the extratropical tropopause as a transport boundary and on key chemical transport pathways and the related dynamical processes. These processes include breaking of Rossby waves, the growth and decay of synoptic-scale waves, tropopause folds and warm conveyor belts, the development of frontal systems, initiation and breaking of gravity waves, and deep convection. In addition, these processes control the formation and evolution of the ice cloud layers in the ExUTLS. This field study will use tracer-tracer correlations as a diagnostic tool for transport in the UTLS region. The results of the experiment will include a set of diagnostics of chemical transitions between the UT and LS, an estimate of the lifetime of the air mass in the extra-tropical transition layer, and tracer characterizations of major transport processes that couple the UT and LS and which determine the structure and chemical composition of the UTLS. A small suite of microphysical probes will quantify the ice mass and water content of clouds in the UT/LS. With the enhanced measurement capability and platform compared to some earlier studies, START08 will provide more insight into the behavior of tracers and their relationships under the influence of targeted dynamical processes, and expand the database for establishing a theoretical framework for testing models. The project supports the development of community research capabilities in significant ways. START08 will train graduate students and post-doctoral scientists in both instrumental/analytical atmospheric chemistry and data analysis done collaboratively with modelers and other science team members. Research from the START08 project will be used to enhance current graduate education classes in atmospheric science. Additional educational outreach is planned that includes interaction with ongoing programs (e.g., National Ocean Science Bowl, and Project IMPACT).