The Life You Can Save: Affective and Deliberative Processes Motivating Charitable Decisions

地球上居住着60多亿人。其中约10亿人享受着人类历史上前所未有的高生活水平，另有10亿人生活在极端贫困中，面临着饥饿、疾病、自然灾害和人类恶意的巨大风险。这项研究探索了是什么促使富裕世界的人向有需要的人捐款和提供人道主义援助。这项研究建立在心理学理论的基础上，以测试注意力、意象、信任、情绪、情绪以及对需求的不同描述的影响。该项目团队还研究了当一个人帮助另一个需要帮助的人时，这种温暖的美好感觉的重要性和决定因素。尽管在过去的20年里，已经有许多关于慈善捐赠和慈善事业的研究，但仍有许多悬而未决的问题。本项目利用实验室实验、在线调查和实地研究来解决以下问题：*温暖发光的心理本质是什么：体验是什么？它是什么时候经历的？隔多长时间？这种经历的持续时间有多长，它对随后的捐献决定有何影响？没有给予的实际行为，温暖的感觉能被诱导吗？*哪些因素通过温暖的给予来调节给予，既能激励给予又能抑制给予的动力？需要帮助的人的数量如何影响温暖的光芒？通过意识到我们没有帮助别人，我们会不会阻止我们帮助那些我们可以帮助的人？*如何对温暖的辉光给予进行建模，以纳入许多因果变量之间复杂而动态的相互作用？这些学者之前在这一领域的研究已经影响了记者和人道主义援助组织采取的方法，以激励人们和他们的政府采取更多行动帮助他人。这项新研究继续为那些为拯救生命和增进世界上最需要帮助的人的福祉而工作的人提供信息。

There are more than 6 billion people inhabiting Planet Earth. About one billion of these enjoy a high standard of living unprecedented in human history, while another billion live in extreme poverty, subject to great risk from hunger, disease, natural disasters, and human malevolence. This research explores what motivates those in the wealthy world to contribute money and humanitarian aid to those in need. This research builds on psychological theory to test the effects of attention, imagery, trust, moods, emotions, and varying descriptions of the need. The project team also examines the importance and determiners of the warm glow of good feeling that occurs when one helps another in need. Although there have been many studies of charitable giving and philanthropy during the past 20 years, many open questions remain. This project employs laboratory experiments, online surveys, and field studies to address questions such as the following:* What is the psychological nature of warm glow: What is the experience? When is it experienced? How often? What is the duration of the experience and how does it influence subsequent decisions about donating? Can warm glow feelings be induced without the actual act of giving?* What factors mediate giving through warm glow, both to motivate and demotivate giving? How does the number of people in need influence warm glow? Are we deterred from aiding those people we can help by becoming aware of others we are not helping?* How might warm glow giving be modeled to incorporate the complex and dynamic interactions among many causal variables?Previous research by these scholars in this area has already influenced the approaches that journalists and humanitarian aid organizations have taken to motivate people and their governments to do more to help others. The new research continues to inform those who are working to save lives and enhance the well being of the world's neediest people.