LTREB: Female settlement patterns and social relationships in chimpanzees, a male-philopatric species

作为人类？黑猩猩是人类现存的近亲，对理解人类的行为生物学有很大的意义。然而，由于它们的寿命长，繁殖速度慢和社会复杂性，许多关于野生黑猩猩生物学的基本问题仍然没有解决。该项目将支持继续收集坦桑尼亚贡贝国家公园野生黑猩猩三个社会群体的日常行为数据，自1960年珍·古道尔开始工作以来，一直在那里对这些数据进行研究。这项长期研究的首要目标是了解这种非凡物种行为的生态和进化决定因素。像许多人类社会一样，雄性黑猩猩终生留在纳塔尔群体中，与亲属形成密切的社会联系，而雌性黑猩猩通常会在社会成熟时移民并加入新的群体，即使面临来自当地雌性的竞争。 这个项目的一个特别目标是调查为什么一些女性从她们的社会群体移民到新的群体？的领土，以及他们如何与居民女性争夺食物和社会地位。这些问题的答案将阐明黑猩猩和其他物种竞争与合作的进化决定因素。 这些数据将被添加到存储在杜克大学的永久数字数据库中，并可通过网络访问。 通过科学和大众媒体、电影纪录片、教育视频和广泛访问的网站传播该项目的成果，将使这些标志性的黑猩猩保持在全世界公众的视线中，并将继续吸引年轻人（包括妇女）参与科学，促进对保护这一濒危物种的支持。该项目将涉及来自代表性不足群体的本科生，为坦桑尼亚人提供就业和教育，并提供重要信息，帮助贡贝国家公园周围的社区保护工作。

As humans? closest living relatives, chimpanzees have great relevance for understanding human behavioral biology. However, because of their long life-span, slow reproductive rate and great social complexity, many fundamental questions about wild chimpanzee biology remain unresolved. This project will support the continued collection of daily behavioral data in three social groups of wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, where they have been studied continuously since Jane Goodall began her work in 1960. The overarching goal of this long-term study is to understand the ecological and evolutionary determinants of the behavior of this remarkable species. Like many human societies, male chimpanzees remain for life in their natal group, forming close social bonds with relatives, while females typically emigrate and join new groups at social maturity, even in the face of competition from resident females. A particular goal of this project is to investigate why some females emigrate from their social group, where they settle in their new group?s territory, and how they compete with resident females for food and social status. The answers to these questions will illuminate the evolutionary determinants of competition and cooperation in chimpanzees and other species. The data will be added to a permanent digital database stored at Duke University and accessible over the web. Dissemination of the results of this project in the scientific and popular press, film documentaries, educational videos and widely visited websites will keep these iconic chimpanzees in the public eye worldwide, and will continue to draw young people (including women) into science and foster support for the conservation of this endangered species. The project will involve undergraduates from underrepresented groups, afford employment and education to Tanzanians and provide crucial information that will aid community conservation efforts around Gombe National Park.