RAPID: Learning From Earthquakes: Targeted Research Questions Emerging from the February 22, 2011 Christchurch Earthquake

快速反应研究基金（Rapid）提供资金，派遣一个小的研究小组，解决在当地时间2011年2月22日下午12:51袭击新西兰克赖斯特彻奇的6.3级地震引发的几个重点问题。这次地震是2010年9月3日（UTC） 7.1级地震的余震，但由于地震发生在一天中的时间，地震深度浅，距离城市更近，基础设施的破坏，经济影响和人员伤亡要比2010年9月4日的主震大得多。现代基础设施库存很少受到两次强烈破坏性地震的冲击——一次大地震之后，同一地点在六个月内又发生了另一次地震。探索这对事件是至关重要的，这样这种罕见的并发的研究方面就不会被忽视。该小组的任务是解决具体问题，并密切关注尚未发现的研究机会，以便及时向美国研究界报告，从而促进美国研究界可能提出的后续研究。在这个项目中，三个研究主题被确定为关键问题，需要在临时数据受损或丢失之前立即进行调查。将调查的重点侦察主题是：建筑物倒塌；使用社交媒体和风险沟通；和社区恢复力。这项研究有一个明确的目标，即尽可能扩大参与地震侦察过程，吸引年轻和代表性不足的社区成员参与到团队中来。此外，本研究解决了NSF？美国更广泛的目标是：促进美国在科学和工程领域的领导地位，并建立长期的国际合作。勘测调查的结果将与更广泛的研究和实践地震工程界广泛分享。可交付成果包括将在地震工程研究所（EERI）通讯中发表的总结报告，立即在网络上发布并与社区分享的研究摘要，与加州大学伯克利分校太平洋地震工程研究中心的网络广播简报以及EERI/George E. Brown地震工程模拟网络研讨会上的这些研究主题。

This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award provides funding to send a small team of researchers to address several focused questions arising from the magnitude 6.3 earthquake which struck Christchurch, New Zealand, at 12:51 p.m. local time on February 22, 2011. This earthquake was an aftershock of the magnitude 7.1 September 3, 2010 (UTC) earthquake, but because of the time of day, the shallow depth of the earthquake and its closer proximity to the city the infrastructure damage, economic impacts and casualties are much greater than from the main shock of September 4, 2010. It is rare for a modern infrastructure inventory to be shaken by two strong and damaging earthquakes -- a major event followed by another at the same place within a six-month period. It is essential to explore this pair of events so that the research aspects of this rare concurrence will not be overlooked. The team will be tasked with addressing specific questions, and keeping an eye open to research opportunities not yet recognized, so that it can report back to the US research community in a timely fashion, thereby facilitating subsequent research as may be proposed by the US research community. In this project, three research themes have been identified as critical issues in need of immediate investigation before ephemeral data is compromised or lost. The focused reconnaissance themes that will be investigated are: Building collapse; Use of social media and risk communication; and Community resilience.This study has an explicit goal to broaden participation in the earthquake reconnaissance process as much as possible, engaging younger and underrepresented community members to participate on the team. In addition, this study addresses two of NSF?s broader goals: to promote US leadership in science and engineering, and to build longer-term international collaboration. The findings from the reconnaissance investigations will be shared widely with the broader research and practicing earthquake engineering community. The deliverables include contributions to a summary report that will be published in the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) newsletter, research summaries immediately posted on the web and shared with the community, a webcast briefing with Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center at the University of California, Berkeley and the EERI/George E. Brown Network of Earthquake Engineering Simulation webinar on these research themes.