RAPID: Immediate Behavioral Response to Earthquakes in New Zealand and Japan

美国有很大一部分人口面临地震的危险，他们生活和工作的建筑很可能在发生大地震时部分或完全倒塌。目前还没有提供当地地震预警的技术，所以人们？S对地震的即时反应很可能决定他们是否能在地震中幸存下来。不幸的是，与龙卷风或飓风反应的文献，甚至是影响前地震危险性调整的文献相比，关于人？S对地震震动的即时反应的研究文献相当少。在一定程度上，这是因为大地震在美国是罕见的事件，因此研究它们的机会很少。这使得与新西兰和日本的研究人员合作检查他们的居民变得尤为重要？对最近发生在克赖斯特彻奇和东北的地震的即时反应。拟议的项目将向克赖斯特彻奇和东北地震灾区的1200名居民发送问卷。使用我们的标准邮件调查程序，我们预计会得到30%-50%的回复率。这个项目会延长美国调查人员的时间吗？最近对美属萨摩亚地震和海啸的研究记录了人们在地震中的行为反应？S，以及他们在地震停止后的半个小时内所采取的所有行动。此外，我们将收集数据并分析物理环境(例如，在空地、车辆和各种类型的建筑中的位置)和社会环境(例如，独自一人、与儿童、与已知成年人或与成年陌生人)、既往地震经历(例如，损失或伤亡)、危险教育(例如，会议或小册子)、家庭应急准备(例如，应急预案、应急工具箱、电池收音机)对人们-S行为反应的影响。这项研究的一个主要贡献将是评估人们的即时情绪反应对他们的行为反应的影响。虽然人们S的情绪反应可能会对他们的行为产生重大影响，但在以往的地震反应研究中，这类变量几乎被完全忽视，甚至在少数情况下得到了充分的研究。

A substantial portion of the US population at risk from earthquakes lives and works in structures that are likely to experience partial or complete collapse in the event of a major earthquake. There is no technology available that provides forewarning of local earthquakes, so people?s immediate response to earthquake shaking is very likely to determine whether they survive the event. Unfortunately, the research literature on people?s immediate response to earthquake shaking is quite small in comparison to the literature on responses to tornadoes or hurricanes or even the literature on pre-impact seismic hazard adjustments. In part, this is because major earthquakes are rare events in the US so there are few opportunities to study them. This makes it especially important to collaborate with researchers in New Zealand and Japan to examine their residents? immediate responses to the recent earthquakes in Christchurch and Tohoku. The proposed project will send questionnaires to 1200 residents in areas stricken by the Christchurch and Tohoku earthquakes. Using our standard mail survey procedures, we expect to get a response rate in the range of 30-50%. This project will extend the American investigators? recent research on the earthquake and tsunami in American Samoa by documenting people?s behavioral response during the earthquake shaking and all of the actions they took during the next half hour after the shaking stopped. In addition, we will collect data and conduct analyses of the effects of physical context (e.g., location in open spaces, vehicles, and buildings of various types) and social context (e.g., alone, with children, with known adults, or with adult strangers), previous earthquake experience (e.g., damage or casualties), hazard education (e.g., meetings or brochures), and household emergency preparedness (e.g., emergency plan, emergency kit, battery radio) on people?s behavioral responses. A major contribution of this study will be to assess the effects of people?s immediate emotional reactions on their behavioral responses. Although people?s emotional reactions are likely to have a significant effect on their behavior, this class of variables has been almost completely ignored in previous research on earthquake response and has been studied inadequately even in the few cases when it has been addressed.