CHS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Intelligent Context-Aware Peer-to-Peer Transaction Brokering

通过前所未有的社会和实际行动的融合，点对点交流正在改变经济活动。该项目将全面实施一种可在许多社会和经济领域仿效的更有效的信息技术模式。点对点交换是公民在中介实体的调解下直接交换商品和服务，通常体现为一个信息系统。它是一种融合了经济和社会互动的新兴范式，为创新创造了许多可能性。它包括各种服务，如拼车、日常任务、教科书共享、住宿共享、汽车共享、共享停车、当地食物交换、共享家居用品、交换家常饭、共享工作空间和专业知识、时间银行和市政发展。其中许多应用程序利用了原本被浪费的资源，如停放的汽车、空置的卧室和空闲时间，从而提高了经济活动的效率和可持续性。它们的数量和规模如雨后春笋般涌现；它们现在被统称为“协作经济”。许多点对点的交流都涉及“及时”地分享商品和服务，也就是说，在某人需要某样东西而其他人准备提供它的时候，准确地分享。因此，点对点交换成功的一个关键是提供者/提供者和接受者/请求者之间的密切协调。在NSF最近的一个项目中，当前研究团队的成员使用智能手机客户端对移动时间银行进行了调查，在这个系统中，社区成员可以自愿完成他们准备好的特定工作时间，以换取其他社区成员的工作时间，每小时都是平等计算的。一个关键的挑战是在安排“及时”服务交流方面缺乏协调。这项新的研究将探索协调由情境智能中介的协作交互的计算方法。还将研究什么样的用户、任务和交互信息有助于有效的“及时”服务交换，以及用户如何适当和体验这些交换。大型现场试验将调查情景感知对等交易中介的采用、可用性和利用情况，并将提供早期结果报告，并帮助各种组织实施已证明有效的技术。这项研究将扩大目前对从事有益经济交易的动机、通过此类交易形成社会关系以及如何通过情境感知技术培养实际帮助行为来提高主观幸福感的理解。一个主要目标是确定促进对等交换的战略，这些战略可以促进经济交换活动，支持新型交换，同时加强交换互动的社会后果和伴随而来的影响。

Peer-to-peer exchange is transforming economic activity, through unprecedented integration of social and practical action. This project will produce a full-scale implementation of a more efficient model of it that can be emulated across many social and economic domains. Peer-to-peer exchange is the direct exchange of goods and services by citizens, mediated by a brokering entity, typically embodied as an information system. It is an emerging paradigm that integrates economic and social interaction, creating many possibilities for innovation. It encompasses diverse services such as ride sharing, everyday tasks, textbook sharing, accommodation sharing , car sharing , sharing parking, local food exchange, sharing household items, exchanging home-cooked meals, sharing workspace and expertise, timebanking, and municipal development . Many of these applications make use of otherwise wasted resources such as parked cars, empty bedrooms, and idle time, increasing the efficiency and sustainability of economic activity. Their number and size have mushroomed; they are now referred to collectively as the "collaborative economy." Many peer-to-peer exchanges involve sharing goods and services "just in time," that is, sharing precisely when someone needs something and someone else is prepared to provide it. Thus, one key to the success of peer-to-peer exchanges is close coordination of providers/offerers and recipients/requesters. In a recent NSF project, members of the current research team investigated mobile timebanking using smartphone clients, a system in which members of a community can volunteer specific hours of labor they are well prepared to perform, in exchange for hours of labor from other community members, counting each hour equally. A key challenge was a lack of coordination in arranging "just in time" service exchanges. This new research will investigate computational approaches to coordinating collaborative interactions mediated by contextual intelligence. Also studied will be what sorts of user, task, and interaction information facilitate effective "just in time" service exchanges, and how users appropriate and experience these exchanges. A large field trial will investigate the adoption, usability, and utilization of context-aware peer-to-peer transaction brokering and will provide early reports of results and help a variety of organizations implement techniques that have been shown to work. The research will extend current understanding of motivations for engaging in helpful economic transactions, the formation of social connections through such transactions, and of how to enhance subjective wellbeing by fostering practical helping behaviors through context-aware technology. A prime objective is to identify strategies for contextually facilitated peer-to-peer exchange that can energize economic exchange activity, and support new kinds of exchange, while enhancing social consequences and concomitants of exchange interactions.