IRES: The University of Michigan and South African National Space Agency (SANSA) Space Weather International Research Experiences for Students Program

密歇根大学和南非国家航天局（SANSA）学生空间天气国际研究经验（IRES）计划（UM-SANSA-IRES或简称MSI）将支持18名学生（每年6名）在位于南非赫曼努斯的SANSA空间科学理事会度过北半球夏季（8周），从事各种空间天气科学和工程项目。空间天气是空间科学的一个领域，旨在了解太阳扰动对地球空间环境的影响，特别是在技术方面。MSI的目标包括：(1)让本科生参与可发表的研究项目；(2)培养学生的科学沟通能力；(3)培养具有文化能力和社会意识的科学家和工程师；(4)加强现有的和发展新的UM和SANSA合作与交流。学生们将与SANSA的科学家、工程师和博士后配对，提供一对一的研究指导，将参加由SANSA在6月和7月举办的年度“空间天气冬季学校”，并参加南非物理研究所（SAIP）会议。密歇根大学的旅行前后活动将提供科学、文化和专业发展项目，以增强国际研究经验的影响。学生还将有一位澳大的科学导师，在学生参加IRES之前和之后与他们交流，这也将促进澳大和SANSA科学家和工程师之间的科学合作。空间天气是一个重要的研究领域，特别是因为它对通信和其他关键技术的影响，包括卫星导航和通信系统、电网以及地面和飞机的高频无线电通信。空间天气影响的显著差异取决于纬度、当地时间和经度，以及南北半球的差异取决于季节。这个IRES项目的研究重点是了解中低纬度地区的空间天气影响，北半球和夏季之间的差异，以及美洲和非洲之间的差异。该计划利用了在SANSA提供的令人印象深刻的设施和专业知识。SANSA空间科学目前负责监测南部非洲区域、印度洋和大西洋以及南极的空间环境，并构成世界各地类似组织的全球网络的一部分。仪器部署在南非、纳米比亚、南极洲、马里恩岛和戈夫岛。SANSA是非洲唯一的空间天气区域预警中心的所在地，因此为广大地区开发和操作空间天气预报模型。IRES MSI的学生将参加SANSA的研究，其中包括研究地球地磁场的变化及其在导航中的应用、波在空间环境各个区域的传播及其影响、传播介质的诊断信息、电离层特性、基本和应用空间天气、空间等离子体和无线电波传播。

The University of Michigan and South African National Space Agency (SANSA) Space Weather International Research Experience for Students (IRES) program (UM-SANSA-IRES or MSI for short) will support 18 students (six per year) spending the northern hemisphere summer (8-weeks) at the SANSA Space Science Directorate located in Hermanus, South Africa working on a variety of space weather science and engineering projects. Space Weather is the field of space science that seeks to understand the impact of solar disturbances on the Earth's space environment especially with respect to technology. The goals of MSI include (1) engage undergraduates in publishable research projects; (2) development of students' scientific communication skills; (3) development of culturally competent and societally aware scientists and engineers and (4) strengthening existing and developing new UM and SANSA collaborations and exchanges.The students will be paired with SANSA scientists, engineers and post-docs to provide one-on-one research mentoring, will participate in the annual "Space Weather Winter School" held by SANSA in June and July and attend the South African Institute of Physics (SAIP) Conference. Pre and post trip activities at the University of Michigan will provide scientific, cultural and professional development programs to enhance the impact of the international research experience. The students will also have a UM scientific mentor to engage the students prior and after the IRES experience, which will also foster scientific collaborations between UM and SANSA scientists and engineers.Space weather is an important area of research, especially because of the implications for communications and other crucial technologies including satellite navigation and communication systems, power grids, and ground-and-aircraft-based HF radio communication. There are significant variations in space weather effects depending on latitude, local time, and longitude, as well as northern and southern hemispheric differences depending on season. The research focus of this IRES program is to understand space weather effects at mid- and low-latitudes, differences between the northern and summer hemisphere, and between the American and African sectors. The program takes advantage of the impressive facilities and expertise available at SANSA. SANSA Space Science is currently responsible for monitoring the space environment over the Southern African region, Indian and Atlantic oceans as well as the South Pole, and forms part of a global network of similar organizations throughout the world. Instruments are deployed throughout South Africa, Namibia, Antarctica, Marion Island and Gough Island. SANSA is host to the only Space Weather Regional Warning Center in Africa and therefore develops and operates space weather forecasting models for a broad region. IRES MSI students will participate in SANSA research which includes studies on the variation of the Earth's geomagnetic field and its application to navigation, the propagation of waves in the various regions of the space environment and their effects, diagnostic information on the propagation media, ionospheric characterization, basic and applied space weather, space plasmas, and radio wave propagation.