Fossa Carolina: The link between the harbour networks at the rivers Danube and Rhine. Studies on bridging the central European watershed in the Middle Ages.

在阿尔特穆尔河和雷扎特河之间，靠近格拉本村，令人印象深刻的南卡罗来纳州福萨河遗迹得到了保护。这条运河是由查理曼大帝于793年为连接欧洲分水岭而修建的，是中世纪早期的主要水利工程之一。这条运河反映了早期和长期唯一的尝试，通过人工水道将莱茵河流域的港口网络与多瑙河流域的港口网络连接起来，并突出了中世纪早期内河航运在中欧的重要作用。在我们的跨学科项目提案中，我们的目标是分析运河的建设水平，以及它在内河航运中的地方、区域和超区域作用。将使用一整套考古、历史、地质考古和地球物理方法，以历时的方式重建运河、附加阿尔特穆尔和雷扎特港、当地聚落结构和环境历史。在第一个项目阶段开始时，没有关于运河的水利工程概念及其使用历史的重大发现。我们验证了最初的加洛林时代的建筑，并证明了顶峰运河的概念。第二个项目阶段的主要目标是证明最终的水利工程概念和运河的潜在用途，并综合所有现有的(地球)地质、地球物理、地形和历史数据。我们将使用一种基于该区域新的高分辨率树突球虫数据集的水文模拟方法。关于运河建设风格的重建结果将被整合到水文模型中，以获取中世纪早期港口建设技术的信息。在当地范围内，该项目的重点是对建筑工地上仍不为人所知的加洛林式基础设施进行勘察和调查。此外，我们有初步证据表明运河南部有一条坍塌的战壕，但也有令人惊讶的向北延伸的航道。这可能会导致潜在的土拨鼠和港口的当地分布发生重大变化。在这里，四个潜在的地点将被重建并在人工合成的背景下进行解释。在区域和超区域尺度上，我们将莱茵河-南卡罗来纳州-多瑙河走廊与其他内陆航运网络和萨奥纳、塞纳河、莫泽尔和莱茵河之间的分水岭通道进行了比较。在这里，流域被解释为内河港口和水道的持久和历时网络中的稳定不连续。

Between the Altmühl and Rezat rivers and close to the village of Graben impressive remnants of the Fossa Carolina are conserved. The canal was constructed by Charlemagne in 793 for bridging the European Watershed and is one of the major hydro-engineering projects of the Early Medieval Period. The canal mirrors an early and for a long period solely attempt to connect the harbour networks of the Rhine catchment with those of the Danube catchment with an artificial waterway and highlights the important role of Early Medieval inland navigation in central Europe. In our interdisciplinary project proposal we aim to analyse the canal on its construction level but also its local, regional and supra-regional role for inland navigation. The canal, appendant Altmühl and Rezat harbours, local settlement structure and environmental history will be reconstructed in a diachronic approach using a full set of archaeological, historical, geoarchaeological and geophysical methods. At the onset of the first project phase no significant findings about the hydro-engineering concept of the canal and its history of use were available. We verified the initial Carolingian age of building and proved the concept of a summit canal. The major aims of the second project phases are to prove the final hydro-engineering concept and the potential use of the canal and to synthesize all available (geo-)achaeological, geophysical, topographical and historical data. We will use a hydrological modelling approach based on new high-resolution dendrochonological data sets from the region. Reconstructed findings about the canal construction style will be integrated in the hydrological model to get information in Early Medieval harbour construction techniques. On local scale the project focuses on the prospection and investigation of the still unknown Carolingian infrastructure of the building site. Additionally, we have preliminary evidence for a collapsed trench in the southern part of the canal but also for a surprising extension of the course in northern direction. This might lead to significant shifts in the local distribution of potential hythes and harbours. Here, four potential sites will be reconstructed and interpreted in a synthetic context. On regional and supra-regional scale we compare the Rhine-Fossa Carolina-Danube corridor with other networks of inland navigation and watershed passages between Saône, Seine, Moselle and Rhine. Here, watersheds are interpreted as stable discontinuities in enduring and diachronic networks of inland harbours and waterways.