Development of High Performance Control Systems for Wind Response Mitigation

近年来，人们越来越多地转向基于性能的建筑分析和设计，以抵御地震和风等自然灾害。结合高性能控制系统以提高建筑物在这些危险情况下的性能的新范例很有前途。控制系统是一种适应性较强的装置，具有很高的能量吸收能力，可以显著降低结构的响应。然而，他们的设计并没有以一种确保实现目标响应性能水平的方式整体地融入结构设计过程。这主要是由于现有控制系统的可变性范围很大，与控制系统和建筑物的性能相关的不确定性，多危险方案中负载类型的可变性，以及在涉及风力负载时对性能衡量标准的定义不明确。这项研究的目标是在设计阶段直接开发整体集成控制系统，特别关注遭受各种风害的结构，包括雷暴、飓风、阵风锋面和龙卷风。这种方法将赋予设计工程师以技术和财务论证的能力，支持结构系统内控制系统的集成。通过验证控制系统的潜在好处，这些系统的应用将会越来越多，从而实现一种综合设计方法，以满足为风暴中的结构响应设定的性能标准。本项目的重点是为配备高性能控制系统的结构开发一种基于概率性能的方法。该项目的目标有两个：(1)建立一种以绩效为基础的方法，其中包括控制系统的可变性；(2)支持控制系统的整合，以减轻风的反应。将利用边界层风洞以及龙卷风和微爆发模拟设施，使用结构的物理模型来产生载荷和响应数据。控制系统性能的概念，包括传感器故障、电源故障和控制器次性能，将使用集成的概率方法整合到程序中。将按照该程序开发控制系统，其中将包括一种新型的可变摩擦装置。将开发基于物理的数值模拟来验证和演示控制系统的基于性能的方法。这些模拟将能够分析在一系列情景下配备控制系统的结构的生命周期性能。将制定新的量化指标来表征控制系统的结构性能与性能之间的关系。

In recent years, there has been an increased shift towards the performance-based analysis and design of buildings to resist natural hazards such as earthquakes and wind. The new paradigm of incorporating high performance control systems to increase building performance under these hazards is promising. Control systems are adaptable devices capable of high energy absorption that would significantly reduce the structural response. However, their design is not holistically integrated into the structural design process in a way that would ensure attaining the targeted performance level of response. This is mostly due to the high range of variability in available control systems, the uncertainties associated with the performance of the control systems and the building, variability in the type of loading in a multi-hazard scheme, and unclear definition of performance measures when it comes to wind loads. The goal of this research is to develop a holistic integration control systems directly at the design stage, with particular attention to structures subjected to a variety of wind hazards, including thunderstorms, hurricanes, gust-fronts, and tornadoes. This methodology will empower the design engineers with technical and financial arguments supporting the integration of control systems within the structural system. By validating the potential benefits of control systems, there will be an increasing number of applications of these systems, enabling an integrated design approach for meeting the performance criteria set for structural response in windstorms. The focus of this project is to develop a probabilistic performance-based methodology for structures equipped with high performance control systems. The objective of the project is twofold: (1) to establish a performance-based methodology that includes the variability of control systems and (2) to support the integration of control systems for wind response mitigation. Loads and response data will be produced using physical models of structures subjected to a variety of wind loads using a boundary-layer wind tunnel, and tornado and microburst simulation facilities. The notion of control system performance, including sensor failure, power failure, and controller sub-performance will be integrated in the procedure using an integrated probabilistic approach. Control systems will be developed following the procedure, which will include a novel variable friction device. Physics based numerical simulations will be developed to validate and demonstrate the performance-based methodology for control systems. These simulations will enable the analysis of life-cycle performance of a structure equipped with control systems under a set of scenarios. Novel quantitative metrics will be formulated to characterize structural performance versus performance of the control systems.