Doctoral Dissertation Research Award: Agrarian Labor and Colonialism

雷蒙德·亨特将与秘鲁的同事们一起，通过对殖民主义下劳动关系的质疑，研究商业化经济的发展。虽然以前有许多关于殖民地经济制度发展的研究，但以前的研究较少注意农业工人在发展经济制度中的创造性作用。该项目将通过澄清农业工人的决定如何影响新兴经济体的结构，提供另一种视角。这些过程会持续很长一段时间-常常是几个世纪。考古学是了解长期以来出现的变化的理想工具，并且可以提供有关可能未记录在档案中的人口行为的重要见解。该项目通过发展一个概念框架来评估殖民主义下的农业劳动制度，从而为人类学理论做出贡献。在此过程中，该项目与一个新兴的人类学和考古学文献的主体，探讨全球系统是如何创建和塑造的非精英演员。研究将研究如何最终负责农业生产的农业劳动者参与新兴市场，通过他们的劳动产品被分散。这项工作将在秘鲁的库斯科地区进行，该地区在安第斯殖民时期（公元1532-1824年）是农业生产和经济发展的关键枢纽。在库斯科，生产了大量的农产品，供应新兴矿业城镇的市场。这种生产涉及新引进的产品和外国形式的劳工组织，这对殖民地经济的出现至关重要。研究小组将采用各种考古方法来阐明农业工人如何在殖民时期谈判这些不断变化的条件。通过将挖掘数据与湖芯的现存数据相结合，该研究将评估过渡时期土地使用、环境变化、生产和消费的变化模式。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

Raymond Hunter will work alongside colleagues in Peru to study the development of commercialized economies by interrogating labor relations under colonialism. While there have been many previous studies of the development of colonial economic systems, prior research has given less attention to the creative role of agrarian workers in developing economic systems. This project will provide an alternative perspective by clarifying how the decisions of agricultural workers impact the structure of emerging economies. These processes play out over long periods of time - frequently over centuries. Archaeology is ideal to understand changes that emerge over extended periods of time, and further, can provide important insight on the actions of populations that may not be recorded in archives. The project contributes to anthropological theory by developing a conceptual framework to evaluate agrarian labor regimes under colonialism. In doing so, the project engages with an emerging body of anthropological and archaeological literature that explores how global systems are created and shaped by non-elite actors.The research will examine how the agrarian laborers ultimately responsible for agricultural production engaged with the emerging markets through which the product of their labor was dispersed. The work will be conducted in the Cusco region of Peru, a critical nexus of agricultural production and economic development during the Andean Colonial Period (1532-1824 A.D). In Cusco, large quantities of agricultural goods were produced to supply markets in burgeoning mining towns. This production involved newly introduced products and foreign forms of labor organization that were central to the emergence of the colonial economy. The research team will employ a variety of archaeological methods to clarify how agrarian workers negotiated these shifting conditions over the course of the Colonial Period. By combining data from excavations with extant data from a lake core the research will assess shifting patterns of land use, environmental change, production, and consumption during this period of transition.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.