Integrated scalable quantum receiver for energy efficient data exchange and telecommunication

这个项目描述了一种新的方法，可以最大限度地减少传输一点信息所需的能量和带宽。它通过用量子接收器取代经典接收器来实现这一点。基于相干频移键控的编码方案与量子接收器一起用于保持量子测量的优点，即使当使用大量参数（频率失谐、幅度和相位）来编码所传输的信号时也是如此，从而导致更高的传输速率。提出了一种方案，建立一个集成的发射机和接收机，以证明量子增强的可扩展的数据交换链路工作在100 Mb/s的波长为1.5米。这将是有史以来第一个在电信波长上运行的量子接收器。通过使用非经典接收器，将首次展示除了能量效率之外的带宽的更有效使用。低损耗和高效率的光学电路与相干频移键控编码的组合将实现量子接收器的绝对量子优势。最终，这种方法将导致更节能的互联网和更少的数据库功耗，并改善深空通信。技术说明第一个量子接收器，其量子优势是可扩展的。这将是有史以来第一个在电信波长上运行的集成量子接收器。它将允许超出标准量子限制的能量效率和带宽优化。低损耗和高效率的光学电路与相干频移键控（CSFK）编码的组合将实现量子接收器的绝对量子优势。CSFK是M元相干通信协议族，其产生于使用在频率和/或相位上不同的M个不同相干状态。迄今为止已经证明的所有量子接收器的优势随着大字母表的大小而迅速消失。一个编码方案已经被校长/联合校长团队发明来解决这个问题。该方案保留了量子测量的优点，即使字母表大小被缩放到大尺寸，从而实现高速量子增强通信。量子增强接收器可以超过经典接收器的灵敏度极限，并将灵敏度推向更低的基本极限，称为Helstrom界限。在这个极限下，经典的香农理论不能准确地描述信号和噪声、带宽和数据速率之间的关系。一个集成的发射器和接收器将建立在绝缘体上硅（SOI）平台上，以展示量子增强的可扩展数据交换，波长为1.5米，能够以100 Mb/s的速度运行，以建立其在能量和带宽使用方面的量子优势。将实现基于反向偏置pn二极管结构中的载流子耗尽的调制器。调制器将由嵌入主MZ结构中的两个子MZ结构组成。集成的接收器将连接到一个高量子效率的超导纳米线探测器。两个通信协议，一个是优化每比特的能量，另一个是优化带宽的使用超出了什么是经典的实现，将被证明。这项工作的最终目标超出了本提案的范围，是为资源节约型通信确定实际可实现的绝对限度。虽然设想的接收机设计在每比特能量和带宽方面都超过了经典的检测极限，但进一步的改进是可能的。该通道有可能被用于在接收器输入端与极其微弱的经典光状态进行通信，因此违反了经典外差香农功率效率限制（0.69光子/bit.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命），并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Nontechnical descriptionThis project describes a new way to minimize the energy and bandwidth required to transmit a bit of information. It achieves this by replacing a classical receiver with a quantum receiver. An encoding scheme based on coherent frequency shift keying, together with a quantum receiver, is used to preserve the advantage of quantum measurement even when a large number of parameters (frequency de-tunings, amplitudes and phases) are used to encode the transmitted signal, leading to higher transmission rates. A scheme is proposed to build an integrated transmitter and receiver to demonstrate a quantum-enhanced scalable data exchange link operating at 100 Mb/s at a wavelength of 1.5 m. It will be the first ever quantum receiver that operates at telecom wavelengths. A more efficient use of bandwidth in addition to energy efficiency will be demonstrated for the first time by using a non-classical receiver. The combination of low loss and high efficiency optical circuitry together with coherent frequency shift keying encoding will achieve the absolute quantum advantage of a quantum receiver. Ultimately, this approach will lead to a more energy efficient internet and less power dissipation in data banks and improved deep space communication.Technical descriptionThe first quantum receiver whose quantum advantage is scalable is proposed. It will be the first-ever integrated quantum receiver that operates at telecom wavelengths. It will allow both energy efficiency beyond the standard quantum limit and bandwidth optimization. The combination of low loss and high efficiency optical circuitry together with coherent frequency shift keying (CSFK) encoding will achieve the absolute quantum advantage of a quantum receiver. CSFK is a family of M-ary coherent communication protocols that arises from the use of M different coherent states that differs by frequency and/or phase. The advantage of all quantum receivers that have been demonstrated to date quickly disappears with large alphabet sizes. An encoding scheme has been invented by the principal/co-principal team to get around this problem. This scheme preserves the advantage of quantum measurement even as the alphabet size is scaled to large size, thus enabling high-speed quantum-enhanced communication. A quantum-enhanced receiver can exceed the sensitivity limit of classical receivers and push the sensitivity toward a much lower fundamental limit known as the Helstrom bound. At this limit, the classical Shannon theory does not accurately describe the relation between signal and noise, bandwidth and data rate. An integrated transmitter and receiver will be built on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform to demonstrate a quantum-enhanced, scalable data exchange a wavelength of 1.5 m capable of operating at 100 Mb/s to establish its quantum supremacy in energy and bandwidth use. A modulator based on carrier depletion in a reversed-biased pn diode structure will be implemented. The modulator will consist of two sub Mach-Zehnder (MZ) structures embedded in a main MZ structure. The integrated receiver will be attached to a high quantum efficiency superconducting nanowire detector. Two communication protocols, one that optimizes the energy per bit and the other that optimizes the bandwidth usage beyond what is classically achievable, will be demonstrated. The ultimate goal of this work, beyond the scope of this proposal, is to establish practically achievable and absolute limits for resource-efficient communications. Although the envisaged receiver design beats classical limits of detection in both energy per bit and bandwidth, further improvements are possible. The channel has the potential to be used to communicate with extremely faint classical states of light at the receivers input and thus violate the classical heterodyne Shannon power efficiency limit of 0.69 photons/bit.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.