The colophons of Iranian Avestan Manuscripts

“伊朗阿维斯塔手稿的科罗旺斯”项目是欧洲阿维斯坦数字化合作项目(ECODA)的一个分项目，与德国(哥廷根和柏林)以及英国(伦敦)、意大利(博洛尼亚)和西班牙(萨拉曼卡)等其他大学正在进行的其他分项目有关。这个项目对伊朗和印度的琐罗亚斯德教的宗教少数派特别重要。琐罗亚斯德教的文化、语言和历史处于严重危险之中，特别是在伊朗，因为伊朗政府没有恢复和保护这一遗产的官方利益。青年琐罗亚斯德教徒的大规模迁徙，特别是向美国和加拿大的迁徙，以及他们在新国家的社会融合，是造成这种紧急情况的另一个原因。阿维斯坦语作为一种古老的伊朗语言，只在伊朗和印度的手稿中得到证明。《阿维斯塔》中最古老的部分，即琐罗亚斯德教的圣书，大约有3000年的历史。我们成功地前往伊朗，找回了30多份阿维斯塔文手稿，清楚地表明，伊朗应该有更多的手稿，因此重要的是继续寻找它们和将它们数字化的工作。这些手稿的分音是用中古波斯和波斯语言写成的。它们包含的相关信息不仅对宗教研究有用，而且对语言、文化、历史和文学研究也有用。因此，首先提供一个也包含转录和翻译的分音器数据库是非常重要的。这个数据库可以用于跨学科的目的。阿维斯特手稿，特别是他们的科隆尼，帮助我们重建历史的各个方面的琐罗亚斯德教社区。科洛芬语的谱系信息支持重建伊朗牧师家族的族谱，这些牧师家族也是阿维斯坦手稿的抄写员。根据这些信息，我们可以检验霍夫曼在20世纪70年代左右提出的超型或“Stammhandschriten”的假说。他提出这一假说是为了解释不同仪式中的传递错误。他提到，每个阿维斯特文本可能有不同的副本，但所有副本都可以追溯到同一来源。霍夫曼的理论已经被其他阿维斯特专家讨论过，并被证明是错误的，如坎特拉和特伦布莱。在提交的项目中，立方话筒被用作检验霍夫曼理论的工具。

The project "The colophons of Iranian Avestan Manuscripts" is a sub-project of ECoDA (European Cooperation on Digitizing Avestan) and related to other sub-projects which are in progress in other universities in Germany (Göttingen and Berlin) and in other countries such as England (London), Italy (Bologna), and Spain (Salamanca). This project is of particular importance for the religious minority of Zoroastrianism in Iran and India. The culture, language, and history of Zoroastrians are in serious danger, especially in Iran, as there is no official interest on the side of Iran's government to recover and preserve this heritage. Mass migration of young Zoroastrians, especially to the USA and Canada, and their social integration in the new country, is another reason for this emergency situation. Avestan as an Old Iranian language, is attested only in manuscripts, found in Iran and India. The oldest part of the Avesta, the holy book of the Zoroastrians, is about 3000 years old. Our successful travels to Iran, with the recovery of more than thirty Avestan manuscripts, clearly show that there should be many more manuscripts in Iran, and it is thus important to continue the search for them and the work of digitizing them. The colophons of these manuscripts are in the Middle Persian and Persian languages. They contain relevant information useful not only for religious studies, but also for linguistic, cultural, historical, and literature studies. For this reason it is very important to first provide a data bank of colophons, also containing transcription and translation. This data bank can be used for interdisciplinary purposes. Avestan manuscripts, and especially their colophons, help us to reconstruct the history of various aspects of the Zoroastrian community. The genealogical information of colophons supports the reconstruction of the family tree of the priest families in Iran, who are also the scribes of the Avestan manuscripts. According to this information, we can test the hypothesis of the hyparchetypes or "Stammhandschriften", which was developed by Hoffmann around the 1970s. He developed this hypothesis in order to explain the transmission errors in different ceremonies. He mentioned that there might have been different copies of each Avestan text, but that all copies go back to the same origin. Hoffmann's theory has been discussed and proved to be false by other Avestan experts, such as Cantera and Tremblay. In the submitted project, the colophons are used as a tool to test the theory of Hoffmann.