RAPID: Online Social Networks, Relationships, and COVID-19

新冠肺炎大流行期间，大多数美国人被要求原地避难，这种独特的情况自1918年西班牙流感大流行以来首次在美国造成了全社会的社会距离。社交距离将如何影响婚姻和其他浪漫关系？本项目将分析在异常应力条件下的稳定或失稳。我们知道，冠状病毒大流行将对健康、死亡率、就业和经济生产产生严重的和潜在的破坏性短期影响。然而，事实证明，在危机期间，社会生活和社会关系可能比人们通常预期的更具弹性。了解社会关系在极大压力下的韧性，将使公众更有信心相信未来的危机是可以克服的。由于家庭和关系满意度是总体幸福感和低死亡率的关键因素，这项研究试图了解美国人在保持关系完好无损的情况下生存下来的能力，从而为美国民众的健康和福祉做出贡献。我们对社会关系在导致持续的社会疏远的危机中能够承受的程度知之甚少。该项目将对大约1600名美国成年人进行两项具有全国代表性的后续调查。第一次跟踪调查将在新冠肺炎避难所就地期间进行。第二个后续行动将在避难所就地命令大幅解除后进行。这两项调查都将纵向跟踪调查对象和关系，这些调查最初是在2017年《情侣如何相遇并保持在一起》(HCMST)调查中确定的。生成的数据集将包括同一组受试者在新冠肺炎锁定之前、期间和之后的夫妻满意度、夫妻稳定和分手、夫妻共同居住、收入、就业、在线社交网络使用和恋情历史等指标。该项目将使用多变量事件历史方法分析分手过渡、同居过渡和婚姻过渡。新冠肺炎病例在不同州的流行情况以及对疫情的不同状态反应将代表着对封锁政策社会影响的一次重要的自然实验。该项目的发现将为涉及婚姻、同居和伙伴关系的关系转变以及关系满意度的社会学理论提供参考。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The unique situation of a majority of Americans called upon to shelter in place during the COVID-19 pandemic has created society-wide social distancing in the U.S. for the first time since the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918. How will social distancing affect marriages and other romantic relationships? This project will analyze couple stability or instability under conditions of extraordinary stress. We know that the coronavirus pandemic will have serious and potentially devastating short term impacts on health, mortality, employment, and economic production. It is possible, however, that social life and social relations may prove more resilient during the crisis than people would ordinarily expect. An understanding of the resilience of social relationships under extraordinary stress will provide the public with more confidence that future crises can be overcome. As family and relationship satisfaction is a key contributor to general well-being and low mortality, this study seeks to understand the ability of Americans to survive the pandemic with their relationships intact, thus contributing to health and well-being of the U. S. population.We know very little about the extent to which social relationships can endure during a crisis that entails sustained social distancing. This project will field two nationally representative follow-up surveys to approximately 1600 American adults. The first follow-up survey will take place during the COVID-19 shelter-in-place period. The second follow-up will be fielded once the shelter-in-place orders have been substantially lifted. Both surveys will longitudinally follow subjects and relationships first identified in the How Couples Meet and Stay Together (HCMST) 2017 survey. The resulting dataset will have measures of couple satisfaction, couple stability and breakup, couple co-residence, income, employment, online social network use, and relationship history for the same set of subjects from before, during, and after the COVID-19 lock down. The project will analyze transitions to breakup, transitions to cohabitation, and transitions to marriage using multivariable event history methods. The different state prevalence of COVID-19 cases and the variable state responses to the pandemic will represent an important natural experiment for the social effects of a lock down policy. Findings from the project will inform sociological theories of relationship transition involving marriage, cohabitation, and partnering, as well as relationship satisfaction.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.