Antikes Christentum: Stratifikation des Heilsgeschehens im antiken Christentum: Der Himmelsaufstieg Christi und der Märtyrer als mythischer Sphärenwechsel

这个子项目调查了古代基督教文本中关于基督和殉道者升天的神话变化。这两个方面是交织在一起的，因为殉道被认为是对基督的模仿，显然包括在死后立即进入上帝的统治，因此与所有其他人类不同。此外，基督升入天堂是由其他领域的变化所阻止的：在基督教最初几个世纪出现的基督论教义中，我们观察到下降（化身为自我羞辱）和上升（升天为上帝自己的提升）的相互关联的运动，这是痛苦，死亡和下降到阴间（作为下降的高潮）和从死亡中复活（作为上升的第一步）的框架。虽然早期基督教神学总体上试图将《圣经》的见证转变为一种符合当代智力标准的连贯教导，但人们也应该问，特别是关于基督的升天，是否采用了犹太的、希腊的、也许还有东方的传统，以使这一神学理论在叙事上和智力上令人信服。通过关注这些神话主题，并将STRATA小组的方法框架应用于教父文本，子项目超越了以前对古代基督教的研究。各自的来源大多是对神话的批评，并在它们与圣经和教会的教导之间划出了鲜明的区别。因此，迄今为止的研究主要是调查这些批评立场及其在古典古代传统中的背景。相反，神话思想对早期基督教神学，特别是基督论的产生和发展的影响却被忽视了。本分项目的目的是在STRATA小组跨学科工作的范围内解决这个问题。它旨在确定基督教与古代近东和古典古代文化遗产在神话主题和事物方面的共同特征和差异。因此，该子项目将探索研究古代基督教神学反思的新方法论视角，并为研究小组提供进一步的机会，以longue dur<e:1>的视角分析神话思维的传统和转变。

The subproject investigates mythical changes between spheres in ancient Christian texts concerning the ascent to heaven by Christ, on the one hand, and by the martyrs, on the other. Both aspects are intertwined, since martyrdom is conceived of as imitation of Christ which apparently included entering the reign of God immediately after death, thereby differing from all other human beings. Additionally, Christ¿s ascent to heaven is preluded by other changes of spheres: within christological teaching, as it emerged in the first centuries of Christianity, we observe interconnected movements of descent (incarnation as self-humiliation) and ascent (Ascension as exaltation by God himself), which serve as the framework for the suffering, death and descent to the netherworld (as culmination of the descensus) and for the resurrection from death (as the first step of the ascensus). While early Christian theology in general tried to turn the biblical witness into a coherent teaching which was also fitting to contemporary intellectual standards, one should also ask regarding the ascension of Christ in particular whether Jewish, Hellenistic and perhaps Oriental traditions are employed in order to render this theologumenon narratively and intellectually convincing.By focussing on such mythical motifs and by applying the methodological framework of the STRATA group to patristic texts, the subproject goes beyond previous research into ancient Christianity. The respective sources are mostly critical of myths and draw a sharp distinction between them and the biblical and ecclesiastical teaching. Accordingly, hitherto existing research has predominantly investigated such critical stances and its background in traditions of classical Antiquity. On the contrary, the impact of mythical thinking on the emergence and development of early Christian theology ¿ and Christology in particular ¿ has been neglected. The present subproject sets out to tackle this question in the context of the interdisciplinary work of the STRATA group. It aims at identifying common traits and differences between Christianity and the cultural heritage of the Ancient Near East and classical Antiquity with respect to mythical motifs and matters. The subproject will thus explore new methodological perspectives on research into ancient Christianity¿s theological reflection, as well as equip the research group with further opportunities for analysing traditions and transformations of mythical thinking in the perspective of longue durée.